diff --git a/clusters/china-defence-universities.json b/clusters/china-defence-universities.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b122d19 --- /dev/null +++ b/clusters/china-defence-universities.json @@ -0,0 +1,5631 @@ +{ + "authors": [ + "Australian Strategic Policy Institute" + ], + "category": "academic-institution", + "description": "The China Defence Universities Tracker is a database of Chinese institutions engaged in military or security-related science and technology research. It was created by ASPI's International Cyber Policy Centre.", + "name": "China Defence Universities Tracker", + "source": "ASPI International Cyber Policy Centre", + "type": "china-defence-universities", + "uuid": "d985d2eb-d6ad-4b44-9c69-44eb90095e23", + "values": [ + { + "description": "AMS is responsible for leading and coordinating military science for the whole military. AMS is involved in not only the development of theory, strategy, and doctrine but also advancing national defense innovation. Pursuant to the PLA reforms, AMS has undergone dramatic changes starting in June 2017. At a July 2017 ceremony marking the AMS's reorganisation, Xi urged the AMS to construct a ‘world-class military scientific research institution.' Through the National Defence Science and Technology Innovation Institute, the AMS is pursuing research in cutting-edge technologies including unmanned systems, artificial intelligence, biotechnology and quantum technology.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Beijing, Haidian, 香山路73号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军军事科学院", + "AMS", + "Academy of Military Sciences" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "40.0060427610374", + "long": "116.26134600856699", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/academy-of-military-science" + ], + "risk": "The Academy of Military Science (AMS) is designated very high risk as the PLA's premier institution for military science.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Academy of Military Medical Sciences (军事医学研究院)", + "National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute (国防科技创新研究院)", + "Institute of Systems Engineering (系统工程研究院)", + "Institute of Chemical Defense (防化研究院)", + "National Defense Engineering Research Institute (国防工程研究院)", + "Warfare Research Institute (战争研究院)", + "Military Political Work Institute (军队政治工作研究院)", + "China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Central Military Commission (CMC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Artificial intelligence", + "Biomedical engineering", + "Chemistry", + "Control science and engineering", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Quantum" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2a132d19-cd1e-4bbf-88ec-9970d1e438e7", + "value": "Academy of Military Science (中国人民解放军军事科学院)" + }, + { + "description": "AECC is a leading producer of aircraft parts for the People's Liberation Army (PLA), having separated from its parent company the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) in 2016. The company reports having 27 affiliated or subordinate companies, three major listed companies, and 84,000 staff. AVIC and the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (also known as COMAC) are major shareholders in AECC.AECC's main products include aircraft engines, combustion gas turbines, and transmission systems. AECC also develops aircraft power units, helicopter drive systems, monocrystalline blades, turbine disks, and graphene.AECC was established in order to improve China's capability in developing domestically built aircraft engines as part of the ‘Made in China 2025' program. A priority is strengthening its supply chains within China. Though indigenously developed engines have proven challenging for AECC, the company had purported success in providing thrust vector control technology for the J-10B fighter jet.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "5 Landianchang South Road Haidian District Beijing, 100097 China", + "alias": [ + "中国航空发动机集团有限公司", + "中国航发", + "AECC" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.955664", + "long": "116.29421300000001", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/aero-engine-corporation-of-china" + ], + "risk": "The Aero Engine Corporation of China (AECC) is designated very high risk as China's leading developer of military aircraft engines.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Beijing Institute for Aeronautical Materials (中国航发北京航空材料研究院)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)", + "Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)", + "Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Electrical engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Power engineering and engineering thermophysics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "ca1c425a-902d-420f-91c6-88d4b7f82b94", + "value": "Aero Engine Corporation of China (中国航空发动机集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "The PLA Air Force Command College in Beijing is considered the PLA Air Force's ‘peak institution for educating mid-rank and senior officers' for command posts across the service. The college has a long history and was initially established in Nanjing during the early years of the People's Republic in 1958.The Air Force Command College offers a range of degree programmes, mainly at the postgraduate level, including training in military disciplines such as military history, strategy, and tactics. It has published research on control science and radar. The college's other specialties include battlefield command, military operations as well as political–ideological education.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Beijing, 海淀区北四环西路88号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军指挥学院", + "空军指挥学院", + "空指", + "PLA Air Force Command College", + "Air Force Command College", + "AFCC", + "PLA Air Force Command Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.9850586", + "long": "116.30532800000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-command-college" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Command College is designated very high risk for its work training air force officers in commanding military operations.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Control science and engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "f4291453-2634-4a71-8f5a-60baa4b3457d", + "value": "Air Force Command College (中国人民解放军空军指挥学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Air Force Communications Officers Academy is the PLA's premier institution for the training of non-commissioned officers in communications systems and security. Established in 1986 as the Dalian Communications NCO College, the institution was renamed after Xi Jinping's military reforms in 2017. The academy's areas of research include command automation and satellite communications, along with wired and wireless communications.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Shuang Feng Lu, Jinzhou Qu, Dalian Shi, Liaoning Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军通信士官学校", + "空军通信士官学校", + "大连通信士官学校", + "Air Force Communications NCO Academy", + "Dalian Communications NCO Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.06655681693507", + "long": "121.74034635390512", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-communications-officers-college" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Communication NCO Academy is designated very high risk due to its direct subordination to the PLA Air Force and its work training military personnel in communications systems.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "b672a0c3-0ce4-42b1-91ad-8d1deb6fe071", + "value": "Air Force Communication NCO Academy (中国人民解放军空军通信士官学校)" + }, + { + "description": "The Air Force Early Warning Academy is ‘an institution that trains military personnel from the PLA Air Force and Navy's radar and electronic warfare units in command, engineering and technology' that was established after the amalgamation of the Air Defence Academy and Radar College in 1958. As such, the Air Force Early Warning Academy focuses its research on radar engineering, information command systems engineering, networked command engineering, and early warning detection systems.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国湖北省武汉市 Jiang'an, 黄浦大街288号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军预警学院", + "空军预警学院", + "空军雷达学院", + "Wuhan Radar Institute" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "30.620702", + "long": "114.29896299999996", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-early-warning-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Early Warning Academy is designated very high risk for its work on early warning systems.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "bfab6e3a-f557-48d1-b3d6-dcb42f0d3a4e", + "value": "Air Force Early Warning Academy (中国人民解放军空军预警学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Air Force Engineering University (AFEU) is one of the PLA's five comprehensive universities alongside NUDT, Naval Engineering University, PLA Information Engineering University and Army Engineering University. It trains students in a variety of engineering and military disciplines related to air combat.AFEU currently has around 8,000 students, including 1,600 postgraduate students. Its priority areas include technical studies in information and communication systems engineering as well as in social sciences such as in professional military training. Research into unmanned aerial vehicle technology is another important area of research at the university. In 2017, China's Ministry of Education ranked AFEU equal fourth for armament science out of nine universities, only awarding it a B- grade for the discipline.Colleges under AFEU include:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "7 Changle E Rd, Baqiao Qu, Xian Shi, Shaanxi Sheng, China, 710015", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军工程大学", + "空军工程大学", + "AFEU" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "34.27377067954159", + "long": "109.03618172883603", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-engineering-university" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Engineering University (AFEU) is designated very high risk for its research into air defence systems, aviation engineering and unmanned systems.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Physics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "b0652bf4-0d44-46aa-bd9c-a2c0376802a4", + "value": "Air Force Engineering University (中国人民解放军空军工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "空军石家庄飞行学院", + "alias": [ + "空军石家庄飞行学院", + "PLA Air Force Shijiazhuang Flight Academy", + "Shijiazhuang Flight Academy", + "Shijiazhuang Flying College of the PLA Air Force", + "Shijiazhuang Flight College of Air Force" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "38.020885", + "long": "114.59974499999998", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-flight-academy-shijiazhuang" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Shijiazhuang Flight Academy is designated very high risk due to its direct subordination to PLA Air Force and its work training junior officer in air combat and aviation. https://web.archive.org/web/20190701092329/http://www.mod.gov.cn/reports/201403/wzry/2014-09/12/content_4536769.htm ;  https://web.archive.org/save/http://www.mod.gov.cn/shouye/2017-06/29/content_4783975.htm", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "140d51a3-d8c8-4895-a18f-78bb6f12abbc", + "value": "Air Force Flight Academy Shijiazhuang (空军石家庄飞行学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Academy is home to the Air Force Harbin Flight Academy Simulation Training Center, 2,500m2 large-scale aircraft simulator where students can train in simulated transport and bomber aircraft. The Academy hopes to continue developing the Simulation Training Center into a ‘laboratory for air operations,' including advanced trainings like simulated tactical confrontations.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Kai Yue Shen Hai Yu, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "空军哈尔滨飞行学院", + "Air Force Harbin Flight Academy", + "Harbin Flight College of Air Force" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "45.74663885358978", + "long": "126.65686666968281", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-harbin-flight-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Harbin Flight Academy is designated very high risk due to its direct subordination to the PLA Air Force and its work training military personnel in air combat and aviation. https://web.archive.org/web/20190627055957/http:/www.81.cn/kj/2017-03/16/content_7529120.htm It is the PLA bomber force's only training academy.https://web.archive.org/save/http:/www.sohu.com/a/141660129_730060", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "ed84c47a-7074-4cba-a43d-1e3c716f4da9", + "value": "Air Force Harbin Flight Academy (空军哈尔滨飞行学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Air Force Logistics University is an institution devoted to the study of command, management and technology for the PLA, established in Shanxi by the Central Military Commission in 1954. The university focusses its research on ‘management engineering' for military equipment such as weaponry and aircraft fuel and also maintains research programmes on air battle command and personnel management.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "85 Xige St, Gulou Qu, Xuzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 221004", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军后勤学院", + "空军后勤学院", + "Air Force Logistics University" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "34.28116571671966", + "long": "117.18301272023768", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-logistics-university" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Logistics University is designated very high risk for its work on logistical sciences for combat operations.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "148d9c68-5eaa-45e3-af7a-6299a5f7a20f", + "value": "Air Force Logistics University (中国人民解放军空军后勤学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Air Force Medical University, also known as the Fourth Military Medical University, is the PLA's premier institution for research into medical and psychological sciences, having been placed under command of the Air Force after Xi Jinping's military reforms in 2017. Its major areas of study are medical and psychological sciences tailored for personnel engaging in air and space operations, military preventative medicine and various other forms of clinical research.The Air Force Medical University conducts significant amounts of psychological research. Scientists from the Air Force Medical University have written studies on suicide, mental health across China, and mental health in military universities. The university's scientists have also looked at the extent to which mindfulness training can reduce anxiety for undergraduates at military universities, and at how fear induced by virtual combat scenarios impacts decision-making. This indicates that the university is interested in issues of troop morale and decision-making in high-stress situations.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "西安市碑林区建设西路6号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军军医大学", + "空军军医大学", + "第四军医大学", + "四医大", + "Air Force Medical University", + "Air Force Military Medical University", + "Fourth Military Medical University", + "Fourth Medical University" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "34.2355839", + "long": "108.95989800000007", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/fourth-military-medical-university" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Medical University is designated very-high risk for its work on military-related medical and psychological sciences.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Biology", + "Biomedical engineering", + "Psychological sciences" + ] + }, + "uuid": "88d63b77-9e9e-4055-b86b-dfdb30505558", + "value": "Air Force Medical University (中国人民解放军空军军医大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Air Force Research Institute is an air force scientific research institute, the successor to the Air Force Equipment Academy (空军装备研究院), that was established in 2017. The institute runs the Key Laboratory of Complex Aviation System Simulation (复杂航空系统仿真国防重点实验室) and carries out research on areas such as aircraft design, flight control, guidance and navigation, and electronic countermeasures.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, 北京市海淀区安宁庄路11号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军研究院", + "空军研究院", + "Air Force Equipment Academy", + "Key Laboratory of Complex Aviation System Simulation" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "40.05201590000001", + "long": "116.323711", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-research-institute" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Research Institute is designated very-high risk due to its direct subordination to the PLA Air Force and its work on aeronautical science and technology, information engineering and control systems science.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2442d693-940f-4cda-b100-f3eed23d38c1", + "value": "Air Force Research Institute (中国人民解放军空军研究院)" + }, + { + "description": "Created upon the merger of the PLA Air Force's Second and Fifth Flight Academies in 2011, the Air Force Xi'an Flight Academy specialises in training airmen in aviation while passing on the PLA's ‘revolutionary traditions'. It remains ‘one of the Air Force's three advanced institutions in air combat, and is known to train the PLA Air Force's JJ-7 fighter pilots. Given this focus on training, the institution engages in little scientific research.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军西安飞行学院", + "空军西安飞行学院", + "中国人民解放军空军第二飞行学院", + "空军第二飞行学院", + "PLA Air Force Xi'an Flight Academy", + "Air Force Xi'an Flight Academy", + "Xi'an Flying College of PLA Air Force" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/air-force-xian-flight-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Air Force Xi'an Flight Academy is designated very-high risk due to its direct subordination to the PLA Air Force and its work training military personnel in advanced air combat.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "46de444d-20f7-45e4-9ee1-88184af1f7a9", + "value": "Air Force Xi'an Flight Academy (中国人民解放军空军西安飞行学院)" + }, + { + "description": "Anhui University is overseen by the Anhui Provincial Government. In January 2019, defence industry agency SASTIND and the Anhui Provincial Government signed an agreement to jointly develop Anhui University. This agreement with SASTIND suggests that the university will increase its role in defense research in the future.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "3 Feixi Rd, Shushan Qu, Hefei Shi, Anhui Sheng, China, 230032", + "alias": [ + "安徽大学", + "AHU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.841541838821644", + "long": "117.25424306994057", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/anhui-university" + ], + "risk": "Anhui University is designated low risk for its low level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Anhui Provincial Government" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "1d77de49-28d1-4f33-a42d-5d847813abdc", + "value": "Anhui University (安徽大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Academy of the Armored Forces is China's lead institute responsible for training and research for armoured combat. This includes a focus on tank warfare, mechanised artillery and infantry operations. The academy offers training in ‘armored combat command, surveillance and intelligence, operational tactics' as well as in engineering disciplines relevant to operations involving the PLA Ground Force's armoured corps, such as materials science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and automation, communications engineering, weapons systems engineering and photoelectric information science.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市丰台区杜家坎21号 蚌埠校区", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院", + "陆军装甲兵学院", + "装甲兵工程学院", + "Army Armored Forces Academy", + "Armored Forces Engineering Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.8442", + "long": "116.21096", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-academy-of-armored-forces" + ], + "risk": "The Army Academy of the Armored Forces is designated very high risk for its work training personnel in the armoured corps.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2c43ee46-b54e-47e1-b665-f8b4f6e88ed5", + "value": "Army Academy of Armored Forces (中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Academy of Artillery and Air Defense is an institution devoted to training artillery and air defence officers in the PLA Ground Force. Its areas of focus include electrical engineering and automation, munitions engineering and explosives technology, radar engineering, and missile engineering.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院", + "陆军炮兵防空兵学院" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-academy-of-artillery-and-air-defense" + ], + "risk": "The Army Academy of Artillery and Air Defense is designated very high risk for its research into ordnance science.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "baa03bed-f919-4ae3-a245-2b0603389f6a", + "value": "Army Academy of Artillery and Air Defense (中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院)" + }, + { + "description": "With a history dating back to 1941, the Army Academy of Border and Coastal Defense is the only institution of higher education devoted to training PLA Ground Force personnel in border and coastal defence operations. Its subjects of focus include firepower command and control engineering, and command information systems engineering.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Shaanxi, 西安市", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军边海学院", + "陆军边海防学院" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "34.341574", + "long": "108.93976999999995", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-academy-of-border-and-coastal-defense" + ], + "risk": "The Army Academy of Border and Coastal Defense is designated very high risk as a People's Liberation Army institution.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "e3763d0c-ed96-4128-b281-a73560a647d3", + "value": "Army Academy of Border and Coastal Defense (中国人民解放军陆军边海学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Aviation College is the PLA's institution responsible for training mid-career helicopter pilots from the PLA Air Force and aviation officers from the PLA Ground Force. The college's subject areas include aircraft and engine design, aviation communications and air defence systems, flight radar maintenance engineering, and combat aircraft maintenance engineering.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "北京市通州区台湖镇台湖大街9号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军航空兵学院", + "陆军航空兵学院", + "Army Aviation School" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.832848", + "long": "116.65301799999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-aviation-college" + ], + "risk": "The Army Aviation College is designated very high risk for its research into aviation systems that support ground combat operations.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "bca60bc4-f86a-48ec-ba17-9644dccea6f6", + "value": "Army Aviation College (中国人民解放军陆军航空兵学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Engineering University was established in 2017 following the abolition of the PLA University of Science and Technology. The university is devoted to research on ‘engineering, technology and combat command systems' for the PLA Land Force.The university's areas of research include:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Unnamed Road, Qinhuai Qu, Nanjing Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军工程大学", + "陆军工程大学", + "Army Engineering University of the PLA", + "PLA University of Science and Technology" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "32.023346630179624", + "long": "118.83580164256671", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-engineering-university" + ], + "risk": "The Army Engineering University is designated very high risk for being the premier research and educational institution for the PLA Ground Force.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "ac0e6c59-74c6-4a7f-91fe-0309be052d61", + "value": "Army Engineering University (中国人民解放军陆军工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Infantry Academy is a higher education institution in China devoted to providing elementary training in command for infantry soldiers in the PLA Ground Force. The academy teaches courses in operational disciplines such as command information systems engineering, armored vehicles engineering and weapons systems engineering. As well as providing formal teaching, the Army Infantry Academy also provides oversight for training exercises and electronic warfare simulations.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国江西省南昌市新建区长征西路2001号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军步兵学院", + "陆军步兵学院", + "南昌陆院", + "Army Infantry Academy of PLA", + "PLA Army Infantry Academy", + "Nanchang Army Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "28.6771482", + "long": "115.80921899999998", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-infantry-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Army Infantry Academy is designated very high risk for its work training PLA infantry soldiers.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "e1b879ff-390b-4481-8ddd-b39e42da56b4", + "value": "Army Infantry Academy (中国人民解放军陆军步兵学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The PLA Army Medical University, formerly known as the Third Military Medical University, is a medical education university affiliated with the PLA Ground Force. It was formed in 2017 through a merger with the PLA Western Theater Command Urumqi Comprehensive Training Base's Military Medical Training Brigade and the Tibet Military Region's Eighth Hospital. The Army Medical University includes six national key laboratories and 32 Ministry of Education or military key laboratories. It has won military awards for science and technology progress and seven national science and technology prizes.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国重庆市沙坪坝区高滩岩正街30号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军军医大学", + "中国人民解放军第三军医大学", + "陆军军医大学", + "Third Military Medical University" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "29.53192", + "long": "106.44727639999996", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-medical-university" + ], + "risk": "The PLA Army Medical University is designated very high risk for work on biological sciences for the military.", + "subsidiary": [ + "First Affiliated Hospital/Southwest Hospital (第一附属医院/西南医院)", + "Second Affiliated Hospital/Xinqiao Hospital (第二附属医院/新桥医院)", + "Third Affiliated Hospital/Daping Hospital (第三附属医院/大坪医院), now known as the Army Characteristic Medical Center (陆军特色医学中心)", + "Army Medical Training Base (陆军卫勤训练基地)", + "Frontier Defense Training Brigade (边防卫勤训练大队)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Biology", + "Medicine" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a25fda97-09a6-41cd-b8eb-f54d92c45bec", + "value": "Army Medical University (中国人民解放军陆军军医大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Military Transport Academy is a higher education institution devoted to training PLA Ground Force personnel in military transport and logistics. The academy focusses on military transport command engineering, command and automation engineering, ordnance engineering, and armament sustainment command.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国天津市河东区成林道东局子1号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军军事交通学院", + "陆军军事交通学院", + "Academy of Military Transportation" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.131646", + "long": "117.26730499999996", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-military-transportation-academy-2" + ], + "risk": "The Army Military Transport Academy is designated very high risk for its work training military personnel in transport and logistics for ground combat operations.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "48e5a151-f984-4a36-93d0-cb10db6a120a", + "value": "Army Military Transportation Academy (中国人民解放军陆军军事交通学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Research Institute is an institution devoted to advanced defence research with applications to land warfare. The institute engages in a variety of defence research including radar technology, lasers, and hybrid electric vehicles. Researchers from the institute are known to have collaborated with partners from China's civilian universities in areas such as advanced manufacturing and automatic control, and laser technology.The Army Research Institute collaborates with civilian companies as part of China's military-civil fusion program. For example, General Guo Guangsheng from the Army Research Institute made a visit to Hong Run Precision Instruments Co. Ltd. (虹润精密仪器有限公司) on 24 August 2019 to assess how the company was performing in its military-civil fusion activities. Researchers from the Army Research Institute have also been involved in the product design and development of dual-use automobiles as part of a military-civil fusion project called ‘Research, Development and Commerialisation of Advanced Off-road Passenger Vehicles' (新一代军民通用高端越野乘用汽车研发及产业化). The project included research into vehicles such as the BJ80 military and civilian off-road passenger vehicles as well as the BJ40L off-road vehicle.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Beijing, China", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军研究院", + "军陆军研究院" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.90419989999999", + "long": "116.40739630000007", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-research-institute" + ], + "risk": "The Army Research Institute is designated very high risk for its affiliation with the military and research into defence technology.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a64cee6b-e2f9-4847-95df-1f0eaded2a9f", + "value": "Army Research Institute (中国人民解放军陆军研究院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Army Service Academy is an institution of higher education in the PLA devoted to training personnel in a variety of logistics disciplines. The logistics disciplines taught at the academy include: fuel logistics, military facility management, military procurement management, and integrated logistics management. Its areas of focus for defence research include military energy engineering, defence engineering, and management science and engineering.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "20 Daxuecheng North 1st Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院", + "陆军勤务学院", + "PLA Army Service Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "29.636384", + "long": "106.32414500000004", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-service-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Army Service Academy is designated very high risk for its research on various logistics and engineering disciplines that support ground combat operations.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "b7ef2885-bfeb-4cd7-95cd-49fde8ca47b4", + "value": "Army Service Academy (中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The academy's key subjects include special operations command, surveillance and intelligence, and command information systems engineering.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, 广西桂林市象山区崇信路33号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军陆军特种作战学院", + "陆军特种作战学院", + "Army Special Operations College" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "25.24279049999999", + "long": "110.28929140000002", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/army-special-operations-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Army Special Operations Academy is designated very high risk for its work training special operations personnel for the PLA Ground Force. https://web.archive.org/web/20190822020543/http:/www.gaokaoq.com/college/view/id/2749.html", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "84f7670d-350e-4a56-b1e3-fdf1608a4c3f", + "value": "Army Special Operations Academy (中国人民解放军陆军特种作战学院)" + }, + { + "description": "AVIC is a state-owned defence conglomerate established in 2008 that focuses on providing aerospace products for military and civilian customers. AVIC's main product lines include a variety of aircraft for freight, commercial and military aviation along with other more specialised products such as printed circuit boards, liquid crystal displays and automotive parts, according to Bloomberg. AVIC also provides services to the aviation sector through flight testing, engineering, logistics and asset management.The conglomerate has over 400,000 employees and has a controlling share in around 200 companies. AVIC has over 25 subsidiaries listed on its website.AVIC is the PLA Air Force's largest supplier of military aircraft, producing fighter jets, strike aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles and surveillance aircraft. Along with its core work on military aircraft, AVIC also produces surface-to-air, air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles. Its headline projects include the J-10 and the J-11 fighter aircraft. AVIC's subsidiary, the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, was responsible for delivery of the J-15 fighter. Another subsidiary of AVIC, the Chengdu Aerospace Corporation, developed the PLA-AF's J-20 stealth fighter jet.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市朝阳区建国路128号", + "alias": [ + "中国航空工业集团有限公司", + "航空工业", + "AVIC", + "Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute (a.k.a. AVIC Institute 625)" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.906523", + "long": "116.4640379", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/aviation-industry-corporation-of-china" + ], + "risk": "The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) is designated very high risk as China's primary supplier of military aircraft.", + "subsidiary": [ + "FACC AG (Austria)", + "AVIC International Maritime Holdings Limited (Singapore)", + "KHD Humboldt Wedag (Germany)", + "AviChina Industry & Technology Company Limited (Hong Kong)", + "AVIC International Holding (HK) Limited (Hong Kong)", + "AVIC Joy Holdings (HK) Limited (Hong Kong)", + "Nexteer Automotive (Hong Kong)", + "AVICOPTER PLC (Shanghai)", + "China Avionics Systems Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "Sichuan Chengfa Aero Science &Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "Zhonghang Heibao Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "AVIC Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "AVIC Capital Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "Guizhou Guihang Automotive Components Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)", + "Sichuan Chengfei Integration Technology Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)", + "China Aviation Optical-Electrical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)", + "AVIC Sanxin Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)", + "AVIC Aircraft Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)", + "AVIC Electromechanical Systems Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)", + "AVIC Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)", + "Rainbow Department Store Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)", + "Zhonghang Electronic Measuring Instruments Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "6c4edc37-8edd-4d09-8b35-bb8d83e265e8", + "value": "Aviation Industry Corporation of China (中国航空工业集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "AUAF is one of China's main institutions devoted to the training of air force pilots. Its areas of focus are training in flight command and research into aeronautical engineering. Disciplines taught at AUAF include command science and engineering, aerospace science and technology as well as political work and military command.AUAF scientists publish and attend conferences on radar technology and electronic countermeasures. For example, scientists from AUAF's Information Countermeasures Division co-authored a publication on radar target recognition with a researcher from the PLA's Unit 94936 – an aviation unit stationed in Hangzhou. AUAF scientists have also done notable work on complex systems radar and signal pre-sorting.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, 吉林省长春市朝阳区繁荣路162号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军空军航空大学", + "空军航空大学", + "PLA Air Force Aviation University", + "Aviation University Air Force", + "Air Force Aviation University", + "Aviation University of PLA Air Force", + "AUAF" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "43.8398596", + "long": "125.30592520000005", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/aviation-university-of-air-force" + ], + "risk": "The Aviation University of Air Force (AUAF) is designated very high risk for its involvement in aeronautical engineering and aviation training for the PLA Air Force.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Air Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d7afe4a3-9277-4946-9310-5f701af6f12b", + "value": "Aviation University of Air Force (中国人民解放军空军航空大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Beihang University engages in very high levels of defence research as one of the ‘Seven Sons of National Defence' subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university specialises in aviation and spaceflight research. The top four employers of Beihang graduates in 2018 were all state-owned missile or defence aviation companies. In total, 29% of 2018 Beihang graduates who found employment were working in the defence sector.Beihang scientists are involved in the development of Chinese military aircraft and missiles. In 2018, the university signed a comprehensive strategic cooperation agreement with China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, a state-owned conglomerate that produces ballistic missiles and satellites. The university is also noteworthy for its leading research on stealth technology.Beihang hosts at least eight major defence laboratories working on fields such as aircraft engines, inertial navigation and fluid dynamics.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Beihang University, Wudaokou, Haidian, Beijing, China", + "alias": [ + "北京航空航天大学", + "Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics", + "BUAA" + ], + "category": [ + "Seven sons of national defence" + ], + "lat": "39.9828034", + "long": "116.34113309999998", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/beihang-university" + ], + "risk": "Beihang University is designated very high risk for its top-secrect security credentials, high number of defence laboratories and defence research areas, and strong relationship with the defence industry.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Beijing Beihang Tianhua (北京北航天华科技有限责任公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Biomedical engineering", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Instrument science and technology", + "Mathematics", + "Mechanics", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Physics", + "Stealth technology", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "175f7d6e-b203-4ad4-a2ba-995d6232e1b3", + "value": "Beihang University (北京航空航天大学)" + }, + { + "description": "BESTI is a secretive university that trains information security experts for the bureaucracy. The institute is the only university run by the CCP General Office, which manages administrative matters for the Central Committee. The General Office is usually run by one of the general secretary's most trusted aides. It oversees China's cryptographic and state secrets agency as well as security for the party's leadership.BESTI has a student population of around 2,000 and has strict admission requirements. Students at the university are scrutinized for their political beliefs, and are typically CCP or Communist Youth League members. The activities of their relatives are screened for political issues. Having no parents or siblings who worked abroad or were involved in ‘illegal organisations' is a condition of enrolment. The institute claims to count 50 ministerial-level party officials among its 12,000 graduates.BESTI has a close relationship with Xidian University and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. The two universities are its primary collaborators on scientific papers. BESTI runs joint master's programs with Xidian University in cryptography, information and communication engineering, and computer applications technology. It also has joint doctoral programs with the University of Science and Technology of China and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in cybersecurity.The university runs the Key Laboratory of Information Security (信息安全重点实验室/信息安全与保密重点实验室). Several websites claim that it runs a joint laboratory with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of High Energy Physics, but this could not be confirmed.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "北京电子科技学院", + "BESTI" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/beijing-electronic-science-and-technology-institute" + ], + "risk": "Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute (BESTI) is designated very high risk because of its relationship with the CCP General Office and its focus on cybersecurity and cryptography.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "CCP General Office" + ], + "topics": [ + "Cryptography", + "Cyber" + ] + }, + "uuid": "f6c90158-e0fb-4e65-97c3-c8408acd3e43", + "value": "Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute (北京电子科技学院)" + }, + { + "description": "BIT is one of the ‘Seven Sons of National Defence' supervised by MIIT. It is a leading centre of military research and one of only fourteen institutions accredited to award doctorates in weapons science. In 2017, China's Ministry of Education ranked BIT and Nanjing University of Science and Technology as the country's top institutions for weapons science. It has received the most defence research prizes and defence patents out of all China's universities. 31.80% of BIT graduates in 2018 who found employment were working in the defence sector.BIT's claimed achievements include producing the PRC's first light tank, first two-stage solid sounding rocket and first low-altitude altimetry radar. The university also states that it carries out world-class research on several areas of missile technology including “precision strikes, high damage efficiency, maneuver penetration, long-range suppression, and military communications systems and counter-measures”. In 2018, BIT announced that it was running a four-year experimental program training some of China's top high school students in intelligent weapons systems.BIT is the chair of the B8 Cooperation Innovation Alliance (B8协同创新联盟 or 中国兵器协同创新联盟), a group of eight Chinese research institutions that specialize in weapons science—the ‘B' in ‘B8' stands for Chinese work for armaments, bingqi (兵器).BIT's central role in advancing PLA warfighting capability is demonstrated by the fact that it participated in the development of equipment used by 22 of the 30 squads in the 2009 military parade for the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing, China", + "alias": [ + "北京理工大学", + "BIT" + ], + "category": [ + "Seven sons of national defence" + ], + "lat": "39.9571472", + "long": "116.31154420000007", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/beijing-institute-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) is designated very high risk for its top-secret security credentials, high number of defence laboratories and defence research areas, and deep involvement in weapons research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Optical engineering", + "Seven Sons of National Defence" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2514cbb2-a962-463f-a81c-aeae7900d8ac", + "value": "Beijing Institute of Technology (北京理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "BUCT is subordinate to the Ministry of Education. The university engages in high levels of defence research. In 2016, the Ministry of Education and defence industry agency SASTIND agreed to jointly construct BUCT, a move designed to expand its involvement in defence research.Between 2011 and 2015, the university's spending on defence research reached RMB272 million (AUD56 million), approximately 15% of the university's research spending and an increase of around 50% over the previous five years.BUCT specialises in the development and application of critical materials for the defence industry. Its research on carbon fibres has been applied to the aerospace industry.BUCT holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence and weapons technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Bei Jing Hua Gong Da Xue Ji Dian Gong Cheng Xue Yuan, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China", + "alias": [ + "北京化工大学", + "BUCT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.97086780770906", + "long": "116.42090375330349", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/beijing-university-of-chemical-technology" + ], + "risk": "Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) is designated high risk for its high proportion of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Beijing Beihuada Investment Corp., Ltd." + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "State Administration of Work Safety", + "Sinopec Group" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d7c31c44-75ca-4469-a4a0-94242486fc2f", + "value": "Beijing University of Chemical Technology (北京化工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "BUPT is subordinate to the Ministry of Education in addition to being jointly constructed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. BUPT is one of eight Chinese universities known to have received top-secret security credentials. Since its establishment, the university has focused on information engineering and computer science, and has continued to produce important defence and security technology research.The School of Cyberspace Security is home to one of the university's two defence laboratories—the Key Laboratory of Network and Information Attack & Defense Technology of Ministry of Education—which carries out research for the Chinese military related to cyber attacks.BUPT is a member of several military-civilian fusion (MCF) alliances and has been awarded for its contributions to MCF and the PLA. During the past three years, major employers of BUPT graduates include the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Public Security and MIIT. This suggests a close relationship between BUPT and China's security and intelligence agencies.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Bei Jing You Dian Da Xue Tu Shu Guan, Bei Tai Ping Zhuang, Haidian Qu, Beijing Shi, China", + "alias": [ + "北京邮电大学", + "BUPT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.96279671248516", + "long": "116.35808944702148", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/beijing-university-of-posts-and-telecommunications" + ], + "risk": "Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT) is designated very high risk for its top-secret security credentials and involvement in defence research related to cyber attacks.https://web.archive.org/web/20191112025933/https:/int.bupt.edu.cn/content/content.php?p=2_6_7", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Robotics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2c0da73c-00db-467f-8325-dbaf3c66a148", + "value": "Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (北京邮电大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Out of all universities subordinate to the MOE, CSU reportedly receives the most military research funding and was the first to receive a weapons production license. In 2008 and 2011 respectively, the defence industry agency SASTIND and the Ministry of Education (MOE) signed agreements to jointly supervise CSU. Under this arrangement, SASTIND committed to expanding CSU's involvement in defence research and support the development of its School of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Military Industry Technology Research Institute.CSU's defence research appears to focus on metallurgy, materials science, and aviation technology, including the development of heat-resistant materials for aeroplane and rocket engines. The university has been involved in the development of China's first atomic bomb, first intermediate-range ballistic missile, and first nuclear submarine. In 2018, it signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Chinese Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation that is included on the US BIS Entity List for its involvement in developing rockets.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Central South University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan, China", + "alias": [ + "中南大学", + "CSU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "28.16437", + "long": "112.93250999999998", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/central-south-university" + ], + "risk": "Central South University (CSU) is designated high risk for its high level of defence research and close relationship with China's defence industry.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Central South University Asset Management Company Limited (中南大学资产经营有限公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Hunan Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "9aacd386-6be8-4ba6-9abd-c8a47af3d47b", + "value": "Central South University (中南大学)" + }, + { + "description": "CUST is primarily supervised by the Jilin Provincial Government but has also been under the administration of SASTIND and its predecessors for over 30 years over its history. The university specialises in photoelectric technology and has a strong focus on defence research. CUST describes itself as having ‘safeguarding national defence as its sublime responsibility and sacred mission.'CUST is a member of the B8 Cooperation Innovation Alliance (B8协同创新联盟 or 中国兵器协同创新联盟), a group of eight Chinese research institutions that specialize in armaments science—the ‘B' in ‘B8' stands for Chinese work for armaments, bingqi (兵器). In April 2018, CUST established the School of Artificial Intelligence (人工智能学院) and the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (人工智能研究院 ). CUST researchers working on AI are likely involved in research related to facial recognition technology.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Changchun, Jilin, China", + "alias": [ + "长春理工大学", + "CUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "43.817071", + "long": "125.32354399999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/changchun-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST) is designated high risk for its moderate number of defence laboratories, defence research areas and involvement in armaments science.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jilin Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Changchun Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Instrument science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "4f1bbc1a-2c9a-40d4-a55d-3675b1f22ea4", + "value": "Changchun University of Science and Technology (长春理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "CARDC claims to be China's largest aerodynamics research and testing base. It hosts the State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics (空气动力学国家重点实验室), which includes five wind tunnels and a large computer cluster. CARDC is heavily involved in research on hypersonics.While CARDC is a military unit, its website does not mention this. The PLA officers leading the facility are instead pictured on its website in civilian clothes(pictured: CARDC director, Major General Fan Zhaolin (范召林) in uniform (above) and in civilian attire on CARDC's website (below).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Er Huan Lu Fu Lu, Fucheng Qu, Mianyang Shi, Sichuan Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "中国空气动力研究与发展中心", + "CARDC", + "Unit 63820", + "63820部队", + "第29试验训练基地", + "29th Testing and Training Base", + "Academy of Military Science Aerodynamics Testing Base", + "中国人民解放军军事科学院空气动力试验基地" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "31.43777311632823", + "long": "104.67548429211706", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-aerodynamics-research-and-development-center" + ], + "risk": "China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC) is designated very high risk as a military research facility.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Academy of Military Science" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Computer science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "562cb890-fefb-44a1-9e15-b0a25640aa8a", + "value": "China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (中国空气动力研究与发展中心)" + }, + { + "description": "CASIC specialises in defence equipment and aerospace products, particularly short- and medium-range missiles. CASIC is a leading provider to the Chinese military of high-end capabilities such as air-defence, cruise, and ballistic missile systems along with space launch vehicles, micro-satellites and anti-satellite interceptors, according to Mark Stokes and Dean Cheng. CASIC employs over 146,000 employees and is on the Fortune 500 list with revenue exceeding USD37 billion (AUD55 billion).Although defence products form part of CASIC's main product line, the company also produces products for civilian customers such as electronics, communications equipment and medical equipment. Nevertheless, CASIC claims that it ‘will always uphold its core value of ranking national interests above all', which indicates that civilian products receive less priority than defence equipment.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "北京市海淀区阜成路甲8号航天科工大厦", + "alias": [ + "中国航天科工集团有限公司", + "航天科工", + "China Aerospace Science & Industry Corp", + "CASIC", + "No. 33 Research Institute, Third Academy of CASIC", + "No. 31 Research Institute, Third Academy of CASIC", + "Second Academy of CASIC", + "China Changfeng Mechanics and Electronics Technology Academy", + "China Chang Feng Mechano-Electronic Engineering Academy", + "CASIC Second Academy", + "China Chang Feng Mechano-Electronic Engineering Company", + "CASIC Academy of Defense Technology", + "Second Research Academy of CASIC", + "Changfeng Electromechanical Technology Design Institute", + "China Chang Feng Mechanics and Electronics Technology Academy", + "33 Institute of CASIC's Third Academy", + "Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute (BACEI)", + "Beijing Institute of Automatic Control Equipment", + "China Haiying Electromechanical Technology Academy", + "35 Institute of CASIC's Third Academy", + "Beijing Hangxing Machine Building Corporation", + "Beijing Huahang Radio Measurements Research Institute", + "China Haiying Electronic Mechanical Technical Research Academy", + "Huahang Institute of Radio Measurement", + "Beijing Power Machinery Institute of CASIC's 31 Institute", + "China Haiying Electromechanical Technology Academy (a.k.a., China Haiying Science & Technology Corporation)", + "Beijing Power Generating Machinery Institute", + "Beijing Power Machinery Research Laboratory" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.922966", + "long": "116.31649900000002", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-aerospace-science-and-industry-corporation" + ], + "risk": "The China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) is designated very high risk for its extensive work on missile technology for the PLA.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Aerospace Authorities Service Center", + "Aerospace Precision Ltd.", + "Aerospace Science & Industry Shenzhen (Group) Co., Ltd.", + "Aerospace Securities Co., Ltd.", + "CASIC Academy of Aerospace Information Technology", + "CASIC Asset Management Ltd.", + "CASIC Defense Technology Institute", + "CASIC Finance Co., Ltd.", + "CASIC Research Institute of Aviation Technology", + "CASIC Research Institute of Vehicle Technology", + "CASIC Research Institute of Power Technology", + "CASIC Training Center", + "China Aerospace Automobile Co., Ltd.", + "China Aerospace Construction Group", + "China Aerospace Industry Ltd.", + "China Volant Industry Corporation", + "Guizhou Aerospace Industry Ltd.", + "Henan Aerospace Industry Corporation", + "Hunan Aerospace Industry Corporation" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "52b5e235-ce41-44e7-8152-63ba433e0b02", + "value": "China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (中国航天科工集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "CASC was established in 1999 as a defence aerospace conglomerate. The company is primarily focused on ‘developing carrier rockets, various kinds of satellites, … and tactical missile systems.' With revenues nearing USD38 billion (AUD55 billion), CASC employs nearly 180,000 personnel and is on the Fortune 500 list.PLA experts Mark Stokes and Dean Cheng have noted that CASC's main products for the PLA include ‘ballistic missiles and space launch vehicles, large solid rocket motors, liquid fuelled engines, satellites, and related sub-assemblies and components.' The Federation of American Scientists claims CASC is particularly advanced in high-energy propellant technology, satellite applications, strap-on boosters and system integration.CASC maintains an investment business which may be geared towards civilian purposes, according to Bloomberg. The Federation of American Scientists notes that some civilian product lines for CASC include ‘machinery, chemicals, communications equipment, transportation equipment, computers, medical care products and environmental protection equipment.'CASC oversees multiple research academies, which have been separately identified by Mark Stokes and Dean Cheng and by the Nuclear Threat Initiative.The Nuclear Threat Initiative has identified that CASC has the following subordinate companies:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "16 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100048", + "alias": [ + "中国航天科技集团", + "中国航天", + "CASC", + "1st General Design Department of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's First Academy (CALT)", + "Planning Department No 1 of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's First Academy (CALT)", + "Beijing Institute of Astronautic Systems Engineering", + "Beijing Institute of Space System Engineering", + "13th Research Institute, 9th Academy of CASC", + "13th Institute, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CALT)", + "13th Institute China Aerospace Times Electronics Corporation (CATEC)", + "Beijing Aerospace Control Instruments Institute", + "Design and Manufacture Center of Navigation and Control Device", + "Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute", + "12th Research Institute, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CALT)", + "Beijing Institute of Space Automatic Control", + "Beijing Spaceflight Autocontrol Research Institute", + "Design and Manufacture Center of Navigation and Control Device", + "5th Academy of CASC", + "China Academy of Space Technology (CAST)" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.9240356", + "long": "116.30279789999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-aerospace-science-and-technology-corporation" + ], + "risk": "The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) is designated very high risk for its extensive research, development and production of missiles, rockets and other aerospace products for the PLA.", + "subsidiary": [ + "CASC 1st Academy, a.k.a China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT)", + "CASC 4th Academy, a.k.a. Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology", + "CASC 5th Academy, a.k.a. China Academy of Space Technology (CAST)", + "CASC 6th Academy, a.k.a. Academy of Aerospace Propulsion Technology", + "CASC 7th Academy, a.k.a. Sichuan Academy of Aerospace Technology", + "CASC 8th Academy, a.k.a. Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology", + "CASC 9th Academy, a.k.a. China Aerospace Times Electronics Corporation", + "CASC 10th Academy, China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "c9ac8d46-156d-4fff-b7fc-e9b20d6bc7a2", + "value": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (中国航天科技集团)" + }, + { + "description": "The China Coast Guard Academy is an institution of higher learning that trains personnel for entry into China's maritime border defence agency. The academy teaches conducts research and training in maritime law enforcement, warship technology as well as surveillance and intelligence disciplines.The China Coast Guard Academy established the Large Surface Vessel Operation and Simulation Laboratory (大型船艇操纵仿真实验室) in 2016, which focuses on the development of white-hulled boats for the China Coast Guard.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Zhejiang, Ningbo, Beilun, Zhenxing West Road, 公安海警学院", + "alias": [ + "中国人民武装警察部队海警学院", + "武警海警学院", + "公安海警学院", + "China Maritime Police Academy", + "People's Armed Police China Coast Guard Academy", + "PAP China Coast Guard Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "29.941359", + "long": "121.71580599999993", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-coast-guard-academy" + ], + "risk": "The China Coast Guard Academy is designated very high risk due to its work training paramilitary personnel in maritime operations.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "People's Armed Police (PAP)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Information and communication engineering", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "66035852-ecd7-4a76-a290-7b0599dce5ed", + "value": "China Coast Guard Academy (中国人民武装警察部队海警学院)" + }, + { + "description": "CEC is a state-owned conglomerate that produces dual-use electronics. The company was established in 1989 to produce semi-conductors, electronic components, software and telecommunications products. The company describes itself as a defence industry conglomerate.CEC is one of China's largest companies with nearly 120 thousand employees. CEC claims to hold 22 subordinate enterprises and 14 listed companies. Global Security has provided a list of CEC's 36 member companies in English.CEC is divided into two operational groups. First is the China Electronics Party Institute (中国电子党校), which provides disciplinary oversight and organises communist party activities within CEC. Second is the Science and Technology Committee (科学技术委员会), which is responsible for research and development within CEC.CEC's defence electronics are developed by the Military Engineering Department (军工部) within CEC's Science and Technology Committee. Key defence electronics produced by CEC include tracking stations, radar technology, as well as command and control systems. The company maintains its own office for the management of classified information related to defence research. The Federation of American Scientists has identified CEC's defence-related enterprises on a list that can be found here.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市海淀区中关村东路66号甲1号", + "alias": [ + "中国电子信息产业集团有限公司", + "中国电子产业集团", + "中国电子", + "China Electronics", + "CEC" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.9845289", + "long": "116.33375000000001", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-electronics-corporation" + ], + "risk": "China Electronics Corporation (CEC) is designated very high risk for being one of China's leading producers of military electronics.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "428e4a55-d610-4543-b59e-7e8586ccbfb6", + "value": "China Electronics Corporation (中国电子信息产业集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "CETC is a state-owned defence conglomerate that specialises in dual-use electronics. The company was established in 2002 by bringing dozens of research institutes administered by the Ministry of Information Industry, the predecessor to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, under one umbrella.CETC is one of the world's largest defence companies. It claims to have 523 subordinate units and companies and 160,000 employees.CETC divides its defence electronics products into seven categories: air base early warning, integrated electronic information systems, radar, communication and navigation, electronic warfare, UAVs and integrated IFF (identification, friend or foe). CETC also provides technology used for human rights abuses in Xinjiang, where approximately 1.5m are held in re-education camps.Several CETC research institutes and subsidiaries have been added to the US Government's entity list, restricting exports to them on national security grounds. CETC has been implicated by the US Department of Justice in at least three cases of illegal exports.CETC has a large international market and has also expanded its international research collaboration in recent years. It has a European headquarters in Graz, Austria, and has invested in the University of Technology Sydney.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国电子科技集团公司", + "中国电科", + "CETC", + "CETGC" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-electronics-technology-group-corporation" + ], + "risk": "China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC) is designated very high risk for being China's leading military electronics manufacturer.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Cyber", + "Electrical engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "dfcf7fdc-1d31-493f-a5be-358b49d5c5a5", + "value": "China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (中国电子科技集团公司)" + }, + { + "description": "CNCC is the leading state-owned enterprise for China's civilian and military nuclear programs. It consists of more than 200 subordinate enterprises and research institutes, many of which are listed on the Nuclear Threat Initiative website. In 2018, CNNC took over China's main nuclear construction company, China Nuclear Engineering and Construction Group (中国核工业建设集团).The company is organized into eight industrial sectors, including nuclear power, nuclear power generation, nuclear fuel, natural uranium, nuclear environmental protection, application of nuclear technologies, non-nuclear civilian products and new energy sources. CNNC is mainly engaged in research and development, design, construction and production operations in the fields of nuclear power, nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear technology application, and nuclear environmental protection engineering.Because of the dual-use nature of nuclear technologies, the nuclear industry is a typical military-civil fusion industry. Naval nuclear power technology and nuclear reactor technology in the reactor core, fuel assembly, safety and security, and radioactive waste treatment all use the same or very similar processes. In March 2019, CNNC established an military-civil fusion fund dedicated to dual-use nuclear technology research and design.Two CNNC subsidiaries have been added to the US Government's Entity List, restricting exports to them on national security grounds.CNNC has cooperated with U.S. Westinghouse Electric to construct AP1000 nuclear power plants. The company also has a significant overseas presence, signing agreements for joint research with U.S., French, Canadian, U.K., Russian and Argentinian companies.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "北京市西城区三里河南三巷一号", + "alias": [ + "中国核工业集团有限公司", + "中核集团", + "CNNC" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.9129693", + "long": "116.33987330000002", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-national-nuclear-corporation" + ], + "risk": "The China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) is designated very high risk as a leading defence conglomerate.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Power engineering and engineering thermophysics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "e4f806af-b885-4c84-84e7-20fb799c45ac", + "value": "China National Nuclear Corporation (中国核工业集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "Norinco Group was established in 1999 as a state-owned defence conglomerate devoted to the development and production of armaments for Chinese and foreign defence customers. Its main defence products include artillery and tear gas, air defence and anti-missile systems, anti-tank missiles and precision-guided munitions as well as armoured vehicles such as main battle tanks and infantry combat vehicles. Bloomberg reports that Norinco Group's civilian products include various engineering services and heavy-duty construction equipment. Norinco Group employs over 210,000 personnel, has revenues exceeding US$68.8 billion and is listed on the Fortune 500.Norinco Group has hundreds of subsidiaries and subordinate research institutes in China and around the world that have been catalogued by the International Peace Information Service and Omega Research Foundation in their working paper on the company and on Norinco Group's website.Norinco Group's Institute of Computer Application Technology (中国兵器工业计算机应用技术研究所) was one of the first adopters of internet technology and remains a leading company for research into network security. The institute hosts four internet research centres and is reported to work with the National Administration for State Secrets Protection (国家保密局) on the Information Security and Testing and Evaluation Centre (涉密信息系统安全保密测评中心).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市西城区三里河路46号", + "alias": [ + "中国兵器工业集团公司", + "中国北方工业集团公司", + "China Ordnance Industries Group Corporation Limited", + "CNGC", + "Norinco", + "Norinco Group" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.91272299999999", + "long": "116.33556699999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-north-industries-group" + ], + "risk": "China North Industries Group (Norinco Group) is designated very high risk for its work developing a wide range of armaments.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "f47da4bf-abd9-43fd-8d9b-dd00a8a3232d", + "value": "China North Industries Group (中国兵器工业集团公司)" + }, + { + "description": "The China People's Police University is an institution of higher learning devoted to training active duty police officers and firefighters in command and management as well as specialist technical officers. The curriculum is separated into two main streams, one for police officers and the other for firefighters. Its police disciplines include immigrant management, entry-exit and border control management, security intelligence, cyber-security, and political work. Its firefighting disciplines include firefighting engineering, electronic information engineering, and nuclear and biochemical fire control.Research facilities at the university include:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "河北省廊坊市安次区光明西道西昌路220号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民警察大学", + "警察大学", + "CPPU", + "Ministry of Public Security China People's Police University", + "MPS China People's Police University" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "39.5122293", + "long": "116.6661871", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-peoples-police-university" + ], + "risk": "The China People's Police University is designated very high risk for its affiliation with China's Ministry of Public Security.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Public Security (MPS)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "45ff1110-df75-4676-92f6-c4fb77283c68", + "value": "China People's Police University (中国人民警察大学)" + }, + { + "description": "CSIC was established as one of China's primary state-owned defence companies on 1 July 1999. CSIC is the PLA Navy's largest supplier of weapons platforms, accounting for nearly 80 per cent of all armaments. CSIC's signature products include conventional and nuclear submarines, warships and torpedoes, as well as the Liaoning aircraft carrier program.CSIC maintains a civilian shipbuilding program alongside its program of supplying the PLA Navy. CSIC's civilian work includes the production of oil and chemical tankers, container ships, bulk carriers and engineering ships.On 2 July 2019, it was announced that CSIC and the China State Shipbuilding Corporation would merge. According to Janes Defence Weekly, ‘the two groups, which have combined assets of about USD120 billion and employ 240,000 people, dominate naval shipbuilding in China and between them operate 160 subsidiaries.' Nikkei has listed some of CSIC's main subsidiaries here.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国船舶重工集团有限公司", + "中船重工", + "CSIC" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-shipbuilding-industry-corporation" + ], + "risk": "The China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) is designated very high risk as one of China's leading defence conglomerate.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Dalian Shipbuilding Industry", + "Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry", + "Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group", + "Shanhaiguan Shipbuilding Industry", + "Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "3bd5e5d8-739e-4711-9b37-e0e2f7408164", + "value": "China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (中国船舶重工集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "CSGC is a leading producer of armaments for the People's Liberation Army. It was founded in 1999 and works on technologies such as advanced munitions, mobile assault weapons, lights armaments, information optoelectronics and counter-terrorism equipment. CSGC also maintains civilian product lines focused on the oil and energy sector, but most of the company's attention goes to developing armaments. The company employs nearly 200,000 personnel, its revenue approaches USD34 billion (AUD50 billion) and it is listed as a Fortune 500 company.CSGC holds a controlling share in more than 60 subsidiaries. 32 of these are listed on the company's website.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "10 Chedaogou Street Beijing, 100089 China", + "alias": [ + "中国兵器装备集团有限公司", + "中国南方工业集团公司", + "兵装集团", + "中国兵装", + "China South Industries Group Corporation", + "CSGC", + "China Ordnance Equipment Group Corporation", + "China Ordnance Group Corporation" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.9476845", + "long": "116.29415799999992", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-south-industries-group" + ], + "risk": "China South Industries Group (CSGC) is designated very high risk as one of China's primary defence conglomerates.", + "subsidiary": [ + "China South Industries Group Institute (中国兵器装备研究所)", + "Shanghai Electronic Control Institute (上海电控研究所)", + "Southwest Automation Institute (西南自动化研究所)", + "Southwest Technology and Engineering Institute (西南技术工程研究所)", + "Arms and Equipment Institute (兵器装备研究所)", + "Motorcycle Test Technology Institute (摩托车检测技术研究所)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Electrical engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d911e621-498e-45a9-8a7d-b09ba70201e8", + "value": "China South Industries Group (中国兵器装备集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "CSCC was established as one China's primary state-owned weapons companies on 1 July 1999 to build ships for military and civilian customers. CSSC markets itself as as the ‘backbone' of the Chinese navy and its core products include a variety of warships and support vessels. Alongside its program supporting the PLA Navy, Bloomberg notes that CSSC ‘produces oil tankers, bulk carriers, conditioner vessels, deepwater survey ships, and marine equipment.'On 2 July 2019, it was announced that the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation and the CSSC would merge. According to Jane's Defence Weekly, ‘the two groups, which have combined assets of about USD120 billion (AUD178 billion) and employ 240,000 people, dominate naval shipbuilding in China and between them operate 160 subsidiaries.'", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市海淀区首体南路9号主语城1号楼", + "alias": [ + "中国船舶工业集团有限公司", + "中船集团", + "China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "39.982361", + "long": "116.315654", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-state-shipbuilding-corporation" + ], + "risk": "The China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) is designated very high risk for its work on naval shipbuilding.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "48ad15d4-b6f1-4615-bba1-33b73f98d8cd", + "value": "China State Shipbuilding Corporation (中国船舶工业集团有限公司)" + }, + { + "description": "CUG is subordinate to the Ministry of Education and also supervised by China's Ministry of Land and Resources. It is actively engaged in defence research and training on geology, hosting the defence-focused Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Geological Exploration and Evaluation. The laboratory was established in 2018, has 56 staff, and trains students in ‘military geology'.CUG gained secret-level security credentials in 2009, enabling it to participate in classified defence projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei, China", + "alias": [ + "中国地质大学", + "中国地质大学(武汉)", + "CUG" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "30.52074799999999", + "long": "114.40470700000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-university-of-geosciences-wuhan" + ], + "risk": "China University of Geosciences (CUG) is designated medium risk for its involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Ministry of Land and Resources" + ], + "topics": [ + "Geological resources and engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "4093ccc1-82e5-4fa9-82f3-154b990ac7ce", + "value": "China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (中国地质大学)" + }, + { + "description": "CUMT is subordinate to the Ministry of Education and specialises in engineering and other mining and industry-related disciplines. It engages in low levels of defence research.CUMT's defence research revolves around manufacturing and design, materials science, control science, electronic components, power and energy, and bionics. It appears to be involved in the construction and design of underground bunkers for the military. The academic committee of its State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering (深部岩石力学与地下工程国家红点实验室) is headed by PLA underground engineering expert Qian Qihu (钱七虎).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国矿业大学", + "CUMT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/china-university-of-mining-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) is designated low risk for its low levels of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Jiangsu Provincial Government", + "State Administration of Work Safety" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Mechanics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "27dcdecc-1ddc-4dee-b426-6aee7288437e", + "value": "China University of Mining and Technology (中国矿业大学)" + }, + { + "description": "CAEP was founded in 1958 and now has over 24,000 employees. It is headquartered in Mianyang, Sichuan Province, but also has facilities in Chengdu and Beijing. Notably, Mianyang is home to a military-civil fusion (MCF) demonstration base—the Sichuan Mianyang High-Technology City. Sichuan Military District Commander Jiang Yongshen (姜永申) in 2016 stressed the important role that Mianyang plays in China's larger science and technology development and the significance of its military-civil fusion (MCF) demonstration base.The academy is best known for nuclear weapons, but also carries out research on directed-energy weapons. CAEP's four main tasks are to develop nuclear weapons, research microwaves and lasers for nuclear fusion ignition and directed-energy weapons, study technologies related to conventional weapons, and deepen military-civil fusion. It claims that its research covers 260 specialising, primarily in the broad areas of physics and mathematics, mechanics and engineering, materials and chemistry, electronics and information, and optics and electrical engineering.CAEP hosts part of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer, one of the worlds fastest supercomputers.Despite the sensitivity of its work, CAEP has expanded its international presence in recent years. It claims to send hundreds of scientists overseas to study or work as visiting scholars. CAEP has also used Chinese government talent recruitment schemes such as the Thousand Talents Plan to recruit dozens of scientists from abroad. By 2015, CAEP had recruited 57 scholars through the Thousand Talents Plan, making it one of the largest recruiters of Thousand Talents Plan scholars.CAEP maintains strong collaborative relationships with Chinese civilian universities. It runs a joint laboratory with the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and collaborates with universities and research institutions including the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the University of Science and Technology of China, Shandong University, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Jilin University, Peking University and Tsinghua University. CAEP sponsors postgraduate students in many of these institutions who are required to work there for five years after graduating.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国工程物理研究院", + "China Academy of Engineering Physics", + "CAEP", + "Beijing Computational Science Research Center", + "北京计算科学研究中心", + "Ninth Academy", + "九院", + "Southwest Computing Center", + "Southwest Institute of Applied Electronics", + "Southwest Institute of Chemical Materials", + "Southwest Institute of Electronic Engineering", + "Southwest Institute of Environmental Testing", + "Southwest Institute of Explosives and Chemical Engineering", + "Southwest Institute of Fluid Physics", + "Southwest Institute of General Designing and Assembly", + "Southwest Institute of Machining Technology", + "Southwest Institute of Materials", + "Southwest Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry", + "Southwest Institute of Research and Applications of Special Materials Factory", + "Southwest Institute of Structural Mechanics", + "The High Power Laser Laboratory, Shanghai", + "The Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing", + "北京应用物理与计算数学研究所", + "901 Institute", + "Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research", + "北京高压科学研究中心", + "HPSTAR", + "China Jiuyuan Trading Corporation", + "Peac Institute of Multiscale Science", + "Sichuan Dingcheng Material Trade Co., Ltd.", + "Sichuan Haitian New Technology Group Co. Ltd.", + "Sichuan Zhonghe Import and Export Trade Co., Ltd.", + "Skyeye Laser Technology Limited", + "Chengdu Fine Optical Engineering Research Center", + "Beijing Jincheng Huanyu Electronics Co., Ltd." + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/chinese-academy-of-engineering-physics" + ], + "risk": "The Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) is designated very high risk for being China's sole nuclear warheads research, development and production facility.https://web.archive.org/web/20190926034652/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-05/08/c_1124468265.htm", + "subsidiary": [ + "Beijing Computational Science Research Center （北京计算科学研究中心)", + "Beijing Jingjiu Electron Technology Co., Ltd. (北京京九电子信息有限公司)", + "[Probable] Panda International Information Technology Company (熊猫（北京）国际信息技术有限公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Central Military Commission (CMC)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mathematics", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Mechanics", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Nuclear weapons", + "Optical engineering", + "Physics", + "Quantum" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d92f3221-4138-468d-b191-9d2b5ddcb9df", + "value": "Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (中国工程物理研究院)" + }, + { + "description": "CQU is a leading Chinese research institution subordinate to the Ministry of Education. Chongqing University is home to at least two laboratories devoted to defence research on nanotechnology and control systems. An institution accredited to conduct classified research, Chongqing University is active in improving its security culture with respect to the safeguarding of official secrets.In December 2016, the Ministry of Education entered an agreement with defence industry agency SASTIND to advance military-civil fusion at Chongqing University. Following this agreement, Chongqing University established the defence-focused Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Complex Systems Safety and Autonomous Control, which works on control systems engineering in May 2018.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China", + "alias": [ + "重庆大学", + "CQU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "29.564637", + "long": "106.46608000000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/chongqing-university" + ], + "risk": "Chongqing University (CQU) is designated medium risk for its moderate level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Chongqing Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "04046587-1fa1-45df-a351-69157a07b2a4", + "value": "Chongqing University (重庆大学)" + }, + { + "description": "CQUPT is involved in research on wireless network engineering and testing, next-generation wideband wireless communication, computer networking and information security, intelligent information processing, advanced manufacturing, micro-electronics and specialized chip design. It ranks among the top 100 universities in China for science and technology.The university is supervised by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Chongqing Municipal Government. It holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "2 Chongwen Rd, Huangjueya, Nan'an, Chongqing, China", + "alias": [ + "重庆邮电大学", + "CQUPT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "29.530441", + "long": "106.60782589999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/chongqing-university-of-posts-and-telecommunications" + ], + "risk": "Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CQUPT) is designated low risk.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Chongqing Municipal Government", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "67336114-2fea-45a7-8d02-35507c7f7596", + "value": "Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (重庆邮电大学)" + }, + { + "description": "CQUT is a member of the B8 Cooperation Innovation Alliance (B8协同创新联盟 or 中国兵器协同创新联盟), a group of eight Chinese research institutions that specialize in armament science—the ‘B' in ‘B8' stands for the Chinese word for armaments, bingqi (兵器). However its involvement in defence research does not appear as expansive as the other B8 members and it is a relatively low-ranked university. In 2017, its president stated that ‘Chongqing is an important site for the weapons industry, but its military-industrial research and development ability has not yet upgraded.' Unlike the other members of the B8, SASTIND does not appear to supervise the university.The university has links to Norinco Group and China South Industries Group, China's largest weapons manufacturers, and was under the supervision of the conglomerates' predecessor, China Ordnance Industry Corporation, until 1999. In 2017 and 2018, it signed a partnerships with four local defence companies to collaborate on research and training.In 2011, CQUT received secret-level security credentials, enabling it to participate in classified defence projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "69 Hongguang Ave, Banan Qu, Chongqing Shi, China, 400053", + "alias": [ + "重庆理工大学", + "CQUT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "29.458007994699376", + "long": "106.52897993005945", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/chongqing-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Chongqing University of Technology (CQUT) is designated medium risk for its strong historical links to the weapons industry.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Chongqing Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "a49e740b-d572-4e2a-b10f-62ecc659863f", + "value": "Chongqing University of Technology (重庆理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "COMAC was established in 2008 as a state-owned manufacturer of large commercial aircraft. The company oversees eleven subsidiaries that focus on various aspects of aircraft production. A list of COMAC's subordinate companies can be found in English on the company's website.Despite its focus on commercial aircraft, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has referred to it as a defence industry conglomerate. The company maintains strong links to China's defence industry and some of its leadership is drawn from former executives at state-owned military aircraft and missile manufacturers. China's leading producer of military aircraft, the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), also holds a 10 per cent share in COMAC. COMAC supports the continued development of China's defence industry by awarding ‘national defence technology scholarships' to Chinese university students.COMAC's signature passenger aircraft, the C919, offers an example of how the company could use its civilian aircraft production for military purposes. Numerous Chinese analysts have studied Boeing's conversion of the 737 into the P-8 Poseidon and E-7A surveillance aircraft and argue that the C919 could also be retrofitted for early warning as well as anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare missions. With a greater flight range than China's other military aircraft, a retrofitted C919 for maritime surveillance operations could reduce China's dependence on artificial air bases in the South China Sea which currently render aircraft vulnerable to corrosion due to harsh weather conditions. Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Zhang Youxia, reportedly expressed an interest in learning from American companies in converting civilian aircraft into military aircraft while inspecting COMAC's C919. ", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, 上海市浦东新区世博大道1919号", + "alias": [ + "中国商用飞机有限责任公司", + "中国商飞", + "COMAC" + ], + "category": [ + "Defence industry conglomerate" + ], + "lat": "31.1864164", + "long": "121.49135760000001", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/commercial-aircraft-corporation-of-china" + ], + "risk": "The Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC) is designated very high risk for its links to industrial espionage and China's defence industry.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "95797522-d0e4-4007-bab9-56113d4acabf", + "value": "Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (中国商用飞机有限责任公司)" + }, + { + "description": "CIPUS was founded in May 1948 and underwent several name changes, but was upgraded in 1981 to become the first police university offering a specialised undergraduate degree program. It runs a national engineering laboratory, two MPS key laboratories, and provincial key laboratories. It is focused on training in criminal investigation, criminology science and technology and criminal law.The university also has relationships with companies that provide the technological tools that contribute to the PRC's public security apparatus. For instance, it has a relationship with the company Haiyun Data on public security intelligence. Haiyun provides data visualization services for MPS bureaus across China.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "83 Tawan St, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China", + "alias": [ + "中国刑事警察学院", + "CIPUC" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "41.842026", + "long": "123.378918", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/criminal-investigation-police-university-of-china" + ], + "risk": "The Criminal Investigation Police University of China (CIPUC) is designated very high risk for its affiliation with the Ministry of Public Security (MPS).", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Public Security (MPS)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "fd974900-3b06-4cba-aa3d-a88d25d9d72a", + "value": "Criminal Investigation Police University of China (中国刑事警察学院)" + }, + { + "description": "DLMU was established in 1984 as an institution that researches China's ethnic minorities. The university is overseen by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC), the Liaoning Provincial Government and the Dalian Municipal Government.Scientific disciplines taught by DLMU include communications and information engineering, machine engineering, civil engineering and environmental science. DLMU also researches political thought and minority groups of northeast China.DLMU currently hosts the Dalian Key Lab of Digital Technology for National Culture (大连市民族文化数字技术重点实验室). Researchers at laboratory carry out research on facial recognition of ethnic minorities. The laboratory has collaborated with an academic from Curtin University on research related to the facial recognition of Tibetans, Koreans and Uyghurs—over one million of whom have disappeared into re-education camps. DLMU researchers are working on a database of facial and optical movements across different ethnic groups.DLMU also hosts the State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Advanced Control (国家民委智能感知与先进控制重点实验室), housed within the university's College of Electromechanical Engineering (机电工程学院). The laboratory has done work on convolutional neural networks for visual image recognition, which could have applications for surveillance technology.DLMU's party committee has an active United Front Work Department. The department supervises non-CCP members and students returning from overseas study. Management of religious and ethnic minorities are likely to be other priorities for the department.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "大连经济技术开发区辽河西路18号", + "alias": [ + "大连民族大学", + "大连民大", + "DLMU", + "Dalian Nationalities University", + "DLNU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.04219399999999", + "long": "121.77500140000006", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/dalian-minzu-university" + ], + "risk": "Dalian Minzu University (DLMU) is designated high risk for its close links to the Chinese Communist Party's ethnic affairs bureaucracy and its work on facial recognition of ethnic minorities.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "State Ethnic Affairs Commission" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence" + ] + }, + "uuid": "9dce4367-8b0e-4264-b1a7-870fb329e3e5", + "value": "Dalian Minzu University (大连民族大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Dalian Naval Academy is one of the main training colleges for junior officers and cadets in the PLA Navy. The academy focuses on maritime navigation technology, communications engineering, electronic information engineering, weapons systems engineering, surveying and control science.Scientists from the Dalian Naval Academy produce publications on a variety of defence topics, including:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Liaoning, Dalian, Zhongshan, Jiefang Road, 大连舰艇学院", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军大连舰艇学院", + "PLA Dalian Naval Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "38.8796578", + "long": "121.66453090000005", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/dalian-naval-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Dalian Naval Academy is designated very high risk due to its work training naval personnel and its research into various forms of maritime technology.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "3607ffd8-aef4-4d21-a416-443e8e181fbf", + "value": "Dalian Naval Academy (中国人民解放军海军大连舰艇学院)" + }, + { + "description": "DLUT is directly under the administration of the Ministry of Education. In 2018, it came under the supervision of defence industry agency SASTIND as part of the government's efforts to deepen military-civil fusion in the university sector. In 2006, the university received secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects. Since then, it has expanded cooperation with the PLA Navy and joined several military-civil fusion innovation alliances.In 2015, the university established a defence laboratory in the School of Mechanical Engineering. The laboratory was proposed by a professor within the University's Institute of Science and Technology. The Institute of Science and Technology is primarily responsible for high-tech project management, where they manage projects for the 973 Program, the National Natural Science Foundation, and the Ministry of Education.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "2 Ling Gong Lu, Ganjingzi Qu, Dalian Shi, Liaoning Sheng, China, 116081", + "alias": [ + "大连理工大学", + "DLUT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "38.8794157329084", + "long": "121.5257608220902", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/dalian-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Dalian University of Technology (DLUT) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research", + "subsidiary": [ + "DUT LEASCI Technologies Co., Ltd." + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "eb6f96ec-dddc-4b84-95a9-3095317fc043", + "value": "Dalian University of Technology (大连理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "DHU is subordinate to the Ministry of Education. It is actively involved in defence research on materials. It hosts the Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, a defence-focused laboratory involved in materials science and textiles engineering research for China's defence industry and weapons systems. The laboratory is specifically involved in developing materials for weapons casings, vehicular armour, aviation and cabling. The university holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence research projects.DHU claims that much of its research has been applied to fields such as defence technology and aviation, and contributed towards China's space program and Beidou satellite navigation system. In 2018, the university signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the state-owned Jihua Group (际华集团) for collaboration on textiles to meet the military's needs.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "1882 Yan An Xi Lu, Changning, Shanghai, China", + "alias": [ + "东华大学", + "DHU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.205811", + "long": "121.41307699999993", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/donghua-university" + ], + "risk": "Donghua University (DHU) is designated medium risk for its involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology", + "Textile Science and Engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "02a8c83a-7870-4816-a8d9-a0df0ecf7e5f", + "value": "Donghua University (东华大学)" + }, + { + "description": "ECUT was founded in 1956 as the first institution of higher education for China's nuclear industry. Since 2001, it has been subject to four ‘joint construction' agreements between the Jiangxi Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND or its predecessor COSTIND. These agreements are designed to develop the university's involvement in defense-related research and training. The Ministry of Natural Resources and defence conglomerate China National Nuclear Corporation are also involved in supervising and supporting ECUT.ECUT carries out defence research related to nuclear science and hosts a defence laboratory on radioactive geology. It holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects. In 2006, the East China University of Technology National Defence Technology Institute (东华理工大学国防科技学院) was established.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "418 Guanglan Ave, Qingshanhu Qu, Nanchang Shi, Jiangxi Sheng, China, 330100", + "alias": [ + "东华理工大学", + "ECUT", + "East China Institute of Technology" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "28.72201329243731", + "long": "115.82753244907371", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/east-china-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "East China University of Technology (ECUT) is designated high risk for its close relationship with China's nuclear industry and high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangxi Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)", + "Ministry of Natural Resources" + ], + "topics": [ + "Chemistry", + "Materials science and technology", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "882ef24f-c487-42e2-9994-198878f7a7ae", + "value": "East China University of Technology (东华理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Engineering University of the CAPF is an institution devoted to training personnel in China's paramilitary service, the People's Armed Police, in command and engineering disciplines. The university focuses on paramilitary information engineering, paramilitary equipment technology, non-lethal weapons, military communications and mathematical cryptography. Students of the university can select majors from disciplines such as communications engineering, information security, military big data engineering, management science and engineering, and mechanical engineering.The Engineering University of the CAPF hosts the Key Military Laboratory for Non-Lethal Weapons (非致命武器等全军重点实验室), the Big Data and Cloud Computing Laboratory (大数据与云计算实验室), and the Command Automation Training Centre (指挥自动化培训中心), indicating expertise in these areas.The Engineering University of the CAPF has collaborated significantly with a Beijing-based company called SimpleEdu (北京西普阳光教育科技股份有限公司), focusing primarily on social media and internet research. Below is a list of initiatives with which the Engineering University of the CAPF has collaborated:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Shuang Yong Lu, Weiyang Qu, Xian Shi, Shaanxi Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "中国人民武装警察部队工程大学", + "武警工程大学", + "PAP Engineering University" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "34.284549024087156", + "long": "108.83205231791555", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/engineering-university-of-the-capf" + ], + "risk": "The Engineering University of the CAPF is designated very high risk for its work on disciplines that improve China's paramilitary capability.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "People's Armed Police (PAP)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Artificial intelligence", + "Computer science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "9f45f209-3aa9-4918-acf8-0dcf2918159a", + "value": "Engineering University of the CAPF (中国人民武装警察部队工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Fudan University is among China's best universities. It was ranked 104th in the world by Times Higher Education in 2019. The university appears to engage high levels of work for the military on materials science, including stealth technology.All defence-related projects and matters in Fudan are managed by the university's Institute of Special Materials and Technology (专用材料与装备技术研究院) and Defence Industry Secrets Committee (复旦大学军工保密委员会). The Institute of Special Materials and Technology specialises in defence research and works on simulations, precision manufacturing, and materials. Professor Ye Mingxin, the institute's director, is also an advisor to the PLA and defence companies on materials science. Fudan University's Materials Science Department includes one professor who is described as specifically being a ‘defence system professor', which may refer to Professor Ye. In 2011, Fudan established a State Secrets Academy (国家保密学院),  in partnership with China's National Administration of State Secrets Protection (国家保密局). The institute carries out research and training on the protection of state secrets.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Fu Dan Xiao Yuan Jie Dai Zhong Xin, Wu Jiao Chang, Yangpu Qu, Shanghai Shi, China", + "alias": [ + "复旦大学" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.296625553328834", + "long": "121.50392893624576", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/fudan-university" + ], + "risk": "Fudan University is designated medium risk for its involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Stealth technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "f7e9ffa5-18ac-47d7-85d4-57dbb53aa57a", + "value": "Fudan University (复旦大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Fuzhou University is overseen by the Fujian Provincial Government and a focus on engineering disciplines. It does not appear to engage in significant levels of defence research. However, the Fuzhou University Military-Civil Fusion Innovation Research Institute (福州大学军民融合创新研究院) was jointly established in 2016 by Fuzhou University along with a number defence companies and military research institutions under the guidance of Fujian Provincial Government's National Defence Industry Office (省国防科工办). Furthermore, the Fujian Provincial People's Government and SASTIND entered an agreement to jointly develop the university as part of China's military-civil fusion initiative in 2018. This indicates that the university will expand its involvement in defence research. The university has held second-class weapons R&D secrecy credentials since 2006.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "2 Xiyuangong Rd, Minhou Xian, Fuzhou Shi, Fujian Sheng, China, 350008", + "alias": [ + "福州大学", + "FZU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "26.064480152428146", + "long": "119.19726850476684", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/fuzhou-university" + ], + "risk": "Fuzhou University is designated low risk for its low level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Fujian Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "e15b14c3-7dd9-426f-8941-4264e91db55e", + "value": "Fuzhou University (福州大学)" + }, + { + "description": "GUET specialises in electronics, communications and computer science. It engages in growing levels of defence research, indicated by the decision to place it under the joint administration of the defence industry agency SASTIND and the Guangxi Provincial Government in 2018.The PLA describes GUET as ‘Guangxi Province's only university to have long carried out defence research.' Areas of defence research at the university include communications technology, materials science, signals processing, microwaves, satellite navigation, and command and control. Since 2007, the university has held secret-level security credentials, enabling it to participate in classified weapons and defence technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "1 Jinji Rd, Qixing Qu, Guilin Shi, Guangxi Zhuangzuzizhiqu, China, 541002", + "alias": [ + "桂林电子科技大学", + "GUET", + "Guilin Institute of Electronic Technology" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "25.28086064406601", + "long": "110.33527962698372", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/guilin-university-of-electronic-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET) is designated medium risk for its moderate level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Guangxi Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d7703beb-13e7-4d15-93f8-1137a0d83a62", + "value": "Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology (桂林电子科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HDU specialises in information technology and has been jointly supervised by the Zhejiang Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND since 2007. The university is Zhejiang Province's only provincial-level higher education institution to have officially designated national defence disciplines.HDU's leadership is closely integrated with its defence research. Since its creation in 2008, the university's main defence laboratory has been run by Xue Anke, who was the university's president until 2017. While president, Xue served on an expert advisory committee to the PLA on information technology. He is also a member of the Zhejiang Provincial Expert Committee on Artificial Intelligence Development.Key areas of defence research at HDU include electronics, artificial intelligence, military-use software, and communications and information systems. HDU has been expanding its research on artificial intelligence, establishing a school of artificial intelligence and an artificial intelligence research institute in 2018.HDU holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to undertake classified weapons and defence technology projects. In 2011, the Zhejiang State Secrets Bureau established a State Secrets Academy in HDU. The academy, one of twelve in the country, trains personnel in managing and protecting confidential information.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "1139 No.2 St, Xia Sha, Jianggan Qu, Hangzhou Shi, Zhejiang Sheng, China, 310018", + "alias": [ + "杭州电子科技大学", + "HDU", + "Hangzhou Institute of Electrical Engineering" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "30.309740023222794", + "long": "120.34310329292612", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/hangzhou-dianzi-university" + ], + "risk": "Hangzhou Dianzi University (HDU) is designated high risk for is high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Zhejiang Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d3bd8b0a-3ea8-4ec2-824c-b7bb18633a3a", + "value": "Hangzhou Dianzi University (杭州电子科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Hangzhou Normal University is a Chinese university subordinate to the Zhejiang Provincial Government. The university was initially established in 1978 as Hangzhou Normal College (杭州师范学院) to focus on teacher training, art education as well as research in the humanities and natural sciences. Hangzhou Normal University retains this broad academic focus and oversees faculties such as the Alibaba Business School (阿里巴巴商学院).Hangzhou Normal University collaborates with China's MPS on the development of surveillance technology. In March 2019, the university entered into an agreement with the Zhejiang Police College, the Zhejiang Public Security Office, and Hikvision—China's leading producer of video surveillance technology—to establish a joint laboratory. The joint laboratory reportedly focuses on applying big data analysis, cloud computing and internet of things technology to improve China's policing capability.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "杭州师范大学", + "杭师大", + "HZNU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/hangzhou-normal-university" + ], + "risk": "Hangzhou Normal University is designated medium risk for its links to China's Ministry of Public Security (MPS).", + "subsidiary": [ + "Xiasha Campus (下沙校区)", + "Cangqian Campus (仓前校区)", + "Yuxing Campus (玉皇山校区)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Zhejiang Provincial Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Cyber" + ] + }, + "uuid": "5003442d-a0b6-4d24-bc63-44596fce40a6", + "value": "Hangzhou Normal University (杭州师范大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HEU is one of China's top defence research universities. The university is a leading centre of research and training on shipbuilding, naval armaments, maritime technology and nuclear power. 36.46% of the university's 2017 graduates who found employment were working in the defence sector.As one of the group of universities subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) known as the ‘Seven Sons of National Defence' (国防七子), HEU is an integral part of China's defence industry. HEU's achievements include producing China's first experimental submarine, ship-based computer, and hovercraft. The university claims to have participated in most of the PLA Navy's submarine, undersea weapon, and warship projects.HIT's role in the defence industry is highlighted by its formal affiliation with the PLA Navy, which became a supervising agency of the university in 2007. Under the supervisory agreement, the PLA Navy committed to developing HEU's capacity as a platform for research and development in military technology and for training defence personnel. The following year, HEU established a Defence Education Institute to train reserve officers. Since then, the institute has trained at least 1,700 officers. HEU also maintains a joint laboratory with the PLA Navy Coatings Analysis and Detection Center.HEU is an important hub research on nuclear engineering, including on nuclear submarines. In 2018, it signed a co-construction agreement with defence conglomerate China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). In 2019, HEU and CNNC established the China Nuclear Industry Safety and Simulation Technology Research Institute. HEU also runs a joint laboratory on energetic materials (such as explosives) with the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, China's nuclear warhead research organisation.\n", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "哈尔滨工程大学", + "HEU" + ], + "category": [ + "Seven sons of national defence" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/harbin-engineering-university" + ], + "risk": "Harbin Engineering University (HEU) is designated very high risk for its involvement in economic espionage, top-secret security credentials, inclusion on the Entity List, and high number of defence laboratories and defence research areas.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "Heilongjiang Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering", + "Mechanics", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Nuclear weapons", + "Robotics", + "Stealth technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "ddb75b89-fbc8-4909-89c9-5a6363764153", + "value": "Harbin Engineering University (哈尔滨工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HIT is one of China's top defence research universities. As one of seven universities run by MIIT, it is known as one of the ‘Seven Sons of National Defence' (国防七子). The Seven Sons of National Defence all have close relationships with the Chinese military and are core training and research facilities for China's defence industry. In 2018, HIT spent RMB1.97 billion (AUD400 million)—more than half of its research budget—on defence research. 29.96% of the university's graduates that year who found employment were working in the defence sector.HIT has been described by Chinese state media as having ‘defence technology innovation and weapons and armaments modernisation as its core'. It excels in satellite technology, robotics, advanced materials and manufacturing technology, and information technology. Other areas of defence research at HIT include nuclear technology, nuclear combustion, nuclear power engineering and electronic propulsion and thruster technology, many of which are officially designated as skill shortage areas for the Chinese defence industry.HIT is best known for its aerospace research and has a close relationship with China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), a state-owned defence company that specialises in long-range ballistic missile and satellite technology. Since 2008, HIT and CASC have operated a joint research centre. Defence conglomerates CASC, CASIC, AVIC and CETC rank among the top employers of HIT graduates. The university is a major source of cyber talent and receives funding for information security research from the MSS, China's civilian intelligence agency. A report prepared for the US–China Security and Economic Review Commission identified it as one of four universities focused on research with applications in information warfare. In 2003, HIT founded its Information Countermeasures Technology Research Institute (哈尔滨工业大学信息对抗技术研究所).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "哈尔滨工业大学", + "HIT" + ], + "category": [ + "Seven sons of national defence" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/harbin-institute-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) is designated very high risk for its top-secret security credentials, high number of defence laboratories and defence research areas, inclusion on the Entity List, strong defence industry links and involvement in covert activity.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Electrical engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Instrument science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mathematics", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Mechanics", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "f19efd77-38a9-43bc-ac9f-741877adc79f", + "value": "Harbin Institute of Technology (哈尔滨工业大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HRBUST focuses on engineering, science, economics, management, philosophy, literature, law and education. In 2015, it was placed under the joint supervision of the Heilongjiang Provincial Government and SASTIND, which is an arrangement designed to develop the university's involvement in defence-related research and training.HRBUST's relationship with SASTIND indicates that it will continue expanding its role in defence research. Currently, the university has at least four designated national defense disciplines and plans to build a national defense key laboratory. It holds secret-level security credentials.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "52 Xuefu Rd, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, China, 150046", + "alias": [ + "哈尔滨理工大学", + "HRBUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "45.712764410855776", + "long": "126.61280044047544", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/harbin-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Harbin University of Science and Technology (HRBUST) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Heilongjiang Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Cyber", + "Electrical engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "80b09860-5d65-4b37-b81f-14eea513a81a", + "value": "Harbin University of Science and Technology (哈尔滨理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Hebei University is Hebei Province's only comprehensive university. The university subordinate to the Ministry of Education and also supervised by the Hebei Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND. Its supervision by SASTIND, which began in 2013, is designed to support the university in ‘strengthening its national defence characteristics'.HBU appears to be relatively secretive about its defence research. In 2017, SASTIND designated an area of research at the university's College of Physics Science and Technology as a ‘discipline with defence characteristics'. An article about this on the university's news site has been taken down and deliberately did not specify the discipline. However, a speech given by the head of the college named military-use power and energy as HBU's only defence discipline. The university holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects.In 2017, HBU held a forum on military-civil fusion for technology and innovation to ‘uncover the university's potential for defence-industry technological research' and encourage greater integration with defence companies.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "180 Wusi E Rd, Lianchi Qu, Baoding Shi, Hebei Sheng, China, 071064", + "alias": [ + "河北大学", + "HBU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "38.86774253850528", + "long": "115.51494136441806", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/hebei-university" + ], + "risk": "Hebei University (HBU) is designated low risk for its low level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Hebei Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "4ee314b2-9e85-4edf-b6cf-e15ba316f865", + "value": "Hebei University (河北大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HEBUST engages in moderate but growing levels of defence research. It has been supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND since 2013, when SASTIND and the Hebei Provincial Government agreed to jointly develop the university's involvement in defence research. By 2017, the university claimed to have completed 300 defence projects. The university holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects.While the university does not appear to have any dedicated defence laboratories, it has described five of its laboratories as platforms for defence research. Areas of materials science, mechanical engineering and control science at HEBUST have been designated ‘disciplines with national defence charcteristics' by SASTIND. HEBUST may also be pursuing greater integration between China's defence needs and the university's research on textiles engineering and biological fermentation.HEBUST states that is has developed close cooperation with China Electronics Technology Group Corporation's 54th Research Institute, an organization blacklisted by the US Government Entity List. Defence industry conglomerate Aviation Industry Corporation of China also funds research at the university.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "26 Yuxiang St, Yuhua Qu, Shijiazhuang Shi, Hebei Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "河北科技大学", + "HEBUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "37.97639169345314", + "long": "114.52176751498462", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/hebei-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Hebei University of Science and Technology (HEBUST) is designated medium risk for its moderate involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hebei Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "98055ae0-2f54-48e5-b035-8a2f8f2f127a", + "value": "Hebei University of Science and Technology (河北科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HFUT a leading Chinese university subordinate to the Ministry of Education. It specialises in engineering and engages in growing levels of defence research, particularly in the fields of advanced materials, smart manufacturing and electronic information. As of 2018, HFUT was the only civilian university in Anhui Province fully certified to carry out military projects, holding secret-level security credentials, and had undertaken over 200 such projects.In 2018, the university came under a ‘joint-construction' agreement between the Ministry of Education and defence industry agency SASTIND. According to HFUT, this agreement ‘will powerfully advance the university's development of national defence disciplines, training of talent for defence industry, and construction of defence industry and national defence research platforms.'Miao Wei, head of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which oversees China's defence industry, is a graduate of HFUT.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "合肥工业大学", + "HFUT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/hefei-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Hefei University of Technology (HFUT) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Anhui Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "ffdf8805-3ae9-4bec-811f-072ee2fe1802", + "value": "Hefei University of Technology (合肥工业大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HLJIT is an engineering-focused university that engages in growing levels of defence research. In 2015, the Heilongjiang Provincial Government partnered with defence industry agency SASTIND to expand the university's ability to ‘show its national defence characteristics and serve the national defence science and technology industry.'SASTIND has designated military-use power and energy, optoelectronics and laser technology, and computing as three ‘disciplines with national defence characteristics' at HLJIT. In June 2016, HLJIT and ZTE jointly launched an MOE-ZTE ICT Product-Teaching Integration Innovation Base (教育部-中兴通讯ICT产教融合创新基地) and established the Heilongjiang School of Engineering-ZTE Information and Communications Technology College (黑龙江工程学院-中兴信息通信技术学院). ZTE has been reportedly barred from US government contracts.As it increases its implementation of military-civil fusion, HLJIT has developed relationships with defence conglomerates. The university is particularly close to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), a leading state-owned manufacturer of long-range missiles and satellites. In 2017, HLJIT partnered with a subsidiary of CASC to establish a joint research centre, the Aerospace Smart City Research Institute. The subsidiary, Aerospace Shenzhou Smart System Technology Co., Ltd. (航天神舟智慧系统技术有限公司), specialises in smart city and informatization technology.HLJIT holds confidential-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in confidential defence technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "999 Hongqi St, Daowai Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, China, 150056", + "alias": [ + "黑龙江工程学院", + "HLJIY" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "45.78646000419653", + "long": "126.68662331104508", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/heilongjiang-institute-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Heilongjiang Institute of Technology (HLJIT) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Heilongjiang Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "126b429a-2bd8-4dd0-aa4c-0d1e6767113c", + "value": "Heilongjiang Institute of Technology (黑龙江工程学院)" + }, + { + "description": "HLJU is supervised by the Ministry of Education, the Heilongjiang Provincial Government and SASTIND. SASTIND's supervision of the university is designed to promote its integration with China's defence technology goals. In 2016, the year after HLJU came under SASTIND's supervision, the university received third-class security credentials and funding for a national defence technology research project for the first time. Third-class security credentials allow the university to participate in confidential defence research projects. By 2018, HLJU claimed to have received RMB13 million (AUD2.7 million) in defence research funding.HLJU has close ties with Russian universities and is best known for its work in the Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, which entered the top 1 percent of ESI's global rankings.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "74 Xuefu Rd, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, China, 150081", + "alias": [ + "黑龙江大学", + "HLJU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "45.71095752676117", + "long": "126.61906294171627", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/heilongjiang-university" + ], + "risk": "Heilongjiang University (HLJU) is designated medium risk for its small but growing level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Heilongjiang Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Cyber", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2c449fc1-6f9f-445b-9428-fad6a05ef04b", + "value": "Heilongjiang University (黑龙江大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HAUST is Henan province's leading civilian university for defence research. In 2008, it became the first university in the province to receive security credentials allowing it to participate in classified weapons projects. In 2016, it became the province's only university subject to a ‘joint-construction' agreement with defence industry agency SASTIND, an arrangement designed to increase HAUST's involvement in defence research. As early as 2009, the university stated that it had made great contributions to the defence and aviation industries, undertaking large amounts of defence research projects.HAUST describes itself as China's primary university for research and training for the mechanical bearings (such as ball bearings) industry. SASTIND has designated three areas of research at the university as ‘disciplines with defence characteristics', covering systems engineering, materials science and mechanics. The university is actively involved in military-civil fusion activities.The university claims to have made important contributions to the development of bearings for aircraft engines, satellites, and spacecraft. It states that it has resolved critical technological problems for specific weapons guidance systems, ballistic missile testing systems and an infrared targeting and interference emulation system that are probably used to test guided missiles.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "263 Kaiyuan Ave, Luolong, Luoyang, Henan, China", + "alias": [ + "河南科技大学", + "HAUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "34.6033169", + "long": "112.429573", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/henan-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Henan University of Science and Technology (HAUST) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence resarch and links to the defence industry.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Henan Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "8881a08f-4c1c-449c-89cc-7739e9924226", + "value": "Henan University of Science and Technology (河南科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HUST is one of China's leading research institutions. While the university is subordinate to the Ministry of Education, it has also been supervised by the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense since 2012.The university hosts at least six laboratories dedicated to defence research. Its National Defence Research Institute reportedly oversees defence research in seven other HUST research centres. Artificial intelligence, shipbuilding, image processing, navigation technology, mechanical engineering, electronics, materials science and laser physics are focuses of HUST's defence research.HUST has worked closely with the PLA and China's defence industry. This collaboration includes the development artificial intelligence and imaging technology for weapons. The university's work on pulsed power is linked to China's nuclear and directed-energy weapons program. China's state-owned defence conglomerates and China's nuclear warhead facility sponsor dozens of HUST postgraduate students each year, who are required to work at their sponsoring organisation for at least five years after graduating.HUST holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it participate in research and production for classified weapons and defence projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology （South Gate 2）, Yingbin Road, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei, China", + "alias": [ + "华中科技大学", + "HUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "30.508964", + "long": "114.41057699999999", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/huazhong-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is designated very high risk for its high number of defence laboratories and close links to China's defence industry.", + "subsidiary": [ + "HGTECH Military Laser Technology Research Institute (华工科技军用激光技术研究所)", + "HGTECH Co., Ltd. (华工科技产业股份有限公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Ministry of Health", + "State Oceanic Administration" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "03dcb6b7-639a-4046-a29e-0c47642e070d", + "value": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology (华中科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HNU is a leading Chinese university subordinate to the Ministry of Education. In recent years, its participation in defence research appears to have grown substantially. In 2010, it established the National Supercomputer Center in Changsha jointly with the PLA National University of  Defense Technology, which has since been placed on the US Government Entity List for its suspected role in nuclear weapons research.In 2011, China's defence industry agency, SASTIND, entered a partnership with the MOE to expand the university's participation in defence research and defence industry ties. This arrangement was renewed in 2016. In 2013, SASTIND and the Hunan Provincial Government also signed an agreement to jointly support the development of the university's National Supercomputer Center.HNU holds secret-level security credentials, enabling it to participate in research and production for weapons and other defence projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "湖南大学", + "HNU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/hunan-university" + ], + "risk": "Hunan University (HNU) is designated very high risk for its links to China's nuclear weapons program and high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Changsha ROBOX Institute (长沙智能机器人研究院有限公司)", + "National Supercomputing Center in Changsha (国家超级计算长沙中心)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Hunan Provincial Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanics", + "Nuclear weapons" + ] + }, + "uuid": "185e2abb-517f-40d9-b1d7-c22ebe6eddd4", + "value": "Hunan University (湖南大学)" + }, + { + "description": "HNUST is an engineering-focused university founded in 2003. In 2016, it was subject to a ‘joint-construction' agreement between the Hunan Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND, an arrangement designed to develop the university's involvement in defense-related research and training. The university has three designated defence research areas, is involved in weapons research, and has confidential-level security credentials.HNUST is home to two national defence key laboratories, one of which is in the School of Materials Science and Engineering. The university has also established its Intelligent Manufacturing Institute, which evolved from a provincial key laboratory and has connections to the Made in China 2025 strategy.HNUST is also linked to state-owned arms manufacturer Norinco Group. In 2018, it signed a strategic cooperation agreement with arms manufacturer Norinco's National Defence Key Laboratory on Light Weapons Terminal Lethality Technology (轻武器终点杀伤技术国防科技重点实验 aka 瞬态冲击技术国防科技重点实验室).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Bei Er Huan, Xiangtan Xian, Xiangtan Shi, Hunan Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "湖南科技大学", + "HNUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "27.89294460020551", + "long": "112.92268106590927", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/hunan-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Hunan University of Science and Technology (HNUST) is designated high risk for its defence laboratories, high level of defence research and links to arms manufacturers.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hunan Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Ministry of Emergency Management" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "78ffe16c-bdb1-412e-8581-88caf155cd2a", + "value": "Hunan University of Science and Technology (湖南科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "IEU was formed in June 2017, combining the old Information Engineering University with the PLA Foreign Languages University. PLA experts have described IEU as ‘the sole military academy for the cyber and electronic warfare arms of China's network-electronic forces'.The IEU is currently subordinate to the PLA Strategic Support Force's Network Systems Department, which holds the military's signals intelligence capabilities. Previously, the university was run by the General Staff Department Third Department (commonly known as 3PLA), the PLA's signals intelligence service that has been incorporated into the Strategic Support Force. IEU's command tracks include Network Engineering (网络工程), which is dedicated to the cultivation of cyber attack and defense technical cadre (网络攻防技术干部). It is responsible for the construction of the Henan Provincial Laboratory of Visible Light Communication (河南省可见光通信重点实验室).The university is primarily known for research and training on hacking, cryptography, signals processing, surveying and mapping, and navigation technology. However, since absorbing the PLA Foreign Languages University, it now serves as one of the most important language schools for Chinese military intelligence officers, describing itself as a ‘whole-military foreign languages training base for individuals going abroad'. While the PLA Foreign Languages University is best known for training signals intelligence officers, it has also trained many officers in the PLA's political warfare wing, the Central Military Commission Political Work Department Liaison Bureau.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军信息工程大学", + "PLAIEU", + "IEU", + "中国人民解放军外国语学院", + "洛阳外语学院", + "Luoyang Foreign Languages University", + "PLA Foreign Languages University", + "Luoyang Foreign Language Institute", + "Luoyang University", + "郑州测绘学院", + "Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping", + "Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute", + "国家数字交换系统工程技术研究中心", + "National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technology Research Center", + "数学工程与先进计算国家重点实验室", + "State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/information-engineering-university-2" + ], + "risk": "The Information Engineering University (IEU) is designated very high risk due to its record of training signals intelligence and political warfare officers and carrying out offensive cyber operators.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Political Department (政治部)", + "S&T Research Department (科研部)", + "Training Department (训练部)", + "Command Information Systems Academy (指挥信息系统学院)", + "Electronic Technology Academy (电子技术学院)", + "Encryption Engineering Academy (密码工程学院)", + "Luoyang Foreign Language Academy (洛阳外国语学院)", + "Geospatial Information Academy (地理空间信息学院)", + "Cyberspace Security Academy (网络空间安全学院)", + "Navigation and Aerospace Target Engineering Academy (导航与空天目标工程学院)", + "Command Officer Basic Education Academy (指挥军官基础教育学院)", + "Blockchain Academy (区块链研究院; located in Shenzhen)", + "China National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center (国家数字交换系统工程研究中心 / 国家数字交换系统工程技术研究中心)", + "State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing (数学工程与先进计算国家重点实验室)", + "Information Technology Research Institute (信息技术研究所)", + "Fuzhou Sub-Academy (福州分院)", + "Changshu Sub-Academy (常熟分院)", + "Songshan Training Base (嵩山训练基地)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Strategic Support Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cryptography", + "Cyber", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "b5b942fa-67be-429b-ace3-584c7dac5c25", + "value": "Information Engineering University (中国人民解放军信息工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Institute of NBC Defense is the PLA's premier institution devoted to training junior, mid-career and senior officers on technology related to defence against nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. Most scientific research tends to focus on radiation protection and nuclear safety.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市昌平区阳坊镇中心北街1号", + "alias": [ + "陆军防化学院", + "中国人民解放军陆军防化学院" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "40.149756", + "long": "116.13868400000001", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/institute-of-nbc-defense" + ], + "risk": "The Institute of NBC Defense is designated very high risk for its work on nuclear, biological and chemical weapons.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Biology", + "Chemistry", + "Nuclear science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "86ddfd82-a7b3-425d-8ce3-b6d91a42e419", + "value": "Institute of NBC Defense (陆军防化学院)" + }, + { + "description": "JSU trains intelligence officers in tradecraft and carries out research on intelligence and security. The university first opened in 1986 with over 600 students and staff. Since 1999, it has run the Journal of Jiangnan Social University, which publishes research on international security, strategy and politics. Satellite and streetview imagery from Google Maps and Baidu appears to show a shooting range at the southern end of its campus.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "江苏省苏州市吴中区郭巷尹山湖3号", + "alias": [ + "江南社会学院", + "Institute of Cadre Management", + "Institute of International Relations Suzhou Campus", + "Jiangnan Institute of Social Studies", + "Ministry of State Security Administrative Institute", + "国家安全部行政学院" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "31.2415504", + "long": "120.6904429", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/jiangnan-social-university" + ], + "risk": "Jiangnan Social University (JSU) is designated very high risk for its affiliation with the MSS, China's civilian intelligence agency.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of State Security (MSS)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "caf96e58-587c-4746-bbfd-47038d00071f", + "value": "Jiangnan Social University (江南社会学院)" + }, + { + "description": "JUST engages in high levels of defence research. With a focus on research relevant to the PLA Navy, JUST is supervised by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation and the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, China's leading defence shipbuilding conglomerates. In 2002, JUST was one of eight universities jointly supervised by defence industry agency COSTIND and a provincial government. In 2016, its was the subject of an agreement between the Jiangsu Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND to expand its role in defence research.JUST scientists have been involved in nuclear submarine, unmanned submersible and aircraft carrier projects. The university holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects.Faculties at the university involved in defence research include the School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering and the School of Energy and Propulsion.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "2 Mengxi Rd, Jingkou Qu, Zhenjiang Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 212014", + "alias": [ + "江苏科技大学", + "JUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "32.1972840858429", + "long": "119.46563800859826", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/jiangsu" + ], + "risk": "The Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (JUST) is designated high risk for its close relationship with China's defence shipbuilding industry and involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangsu Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC)", + "China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d16a56d0-a9ed-4882-8979-b07037f95f0d", + "value": "Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (江苏科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "JLU is directly under the administration of the Ministry of Education and came under the joint supervision of the ministry and defence industry agency SASTIND in 2016. In 2017, SASTIND designated eight fields of research at JLU as national defence disciplines, indicating the university carries out high levels of defence research.  In 2012, JLU spent roughly RMB60 million (AUD12.5 million) on defence research, a number that is likely to have grown substantially.JLU's National Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, also known as the Advanced Technology Research Institute, was established in April 2006 and is responsible for the organization and management of the university's national defence science and technology projects. The research institute has received several certifications to conduct research for military applications. It conducts research in collaboration with the former PLA General Armaments Department, SASTIND, and state-owned defence conglomerates in the fields of aviation, aerospace, electronics, nuclear technology, and shipbuilding.JLU's State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials (超硬材料国家重点实验室) works closely with China's nuclear weapons complex, the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP). Job advertisements for a CAEP subsidiary, the Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research (北京高压科学研究中心) state that it has a branch within Jilin University. This suggests that CAEP may even be involved in managing the State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials.The university hosts at least two defence research labs, located in the university's College of Computer Science and Technology and in the College of Chemistry. Its Key Laboratory of Attack and Defense Simulation Technology for Naval Warfare, Ministry of Education (海战场攻防对抗仿真技术教育部重点实验室（B类）) is involved in cybersecurity research for the Navy. The lab's academic committee is headed by a computer scientist from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, a leading state-owned missile manufacturer.JLU holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in research and production for classified weapons and defence technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Jilin, Changchun, Chaoyang, Qianjin Street, 吉林大学", + "alias": [ + "吉林大学", + "JLU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "43.82572", + "long": "125.2850161", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/jilin-university" + ], + "risk": "Jilin University (JLU) is designated very high risk for its high level of defence research and links to China's nuclear weapons program.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Instrument science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Nuclear weapons" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a1caa362-4dc5-4210-ab69-7e042586ea68", + "value": "Jilin University (吉林大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Kunming University of Science and Technology appears to engage in low levels of defence research, but its involvement in defence research is likely to grow. In 2017, Kunming University of Science and Technology signed an agreement with Yunnan's defence technology bureau to deepen military-civil fusion. In 2018, the Yunnan Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND signed an agreement to jointly construct KMUST. The agreement is designed to increase the university's involvement in defence research.KMUST carries out high levels of research on metallurgy. It is involved in defence research related to China's aviation industry, and collaborates with defence shipbuilding conglomerate CSIC on vibration and noise research.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "昆明理工大学", + "KMUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/kunming-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Kunming University of Science and Technology is designated low risk for its low levels of defence research. However, this may change in the future.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Yunnan Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Metallurgical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "1df53154-64fd-4c59-ba70-3c0191ae1f43", + "value": "Kunming University of Science and Technology (昆明理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "LZU's involvement in defence research has slowly grown over the past decade. In 2018, it spent over RMB50 million (AUD10 million) on defence projects.LZU is subordinate to the Ministry of Education. Since 2018, it has also been supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND in an arrangement designed to further expand the university's defence research and the defence industry relationships.LZU carries out national defence-related research in areas such as nuclear science, electromagnetism, probes, chemistry, mechanics, materials science, stealth technology and information technology.In 2017 and 2018, LZU signed strategic agreements with state-owned defence companies Norinco Group, China's largest arms manufacturer, and China National Nuclear Corporation. Several defence companies, as well as China's nuclear weapons program, provide scholarships for dozens of LZU postgraduate students each year. In return, these students must work for their sponsoring organisation for five years after graduation.In 2005, LZU received secret-level security credentials that allow it to participate in classified weapons projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "222 Tianshui S Rd, Chengguan Qu, Lanzhou Shi, Gansu Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "兰州大学", + "LZU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "36.04775743033353", + "long": "103.85859458650816", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/lanzhou-university" + ], + "risk": "Lanzhou University (LZU) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Chemistry", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanics", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Stealth technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "708c3470-130a-4f36-a145-8996ab22dc1f", + "value": "Lanzhou University (兰州大学)" + }, + { + "description": "", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "36 Pengjiaping Rd, Qilihe Qu, Lanzhou Shi, Gansu Sheng, China, 730050", + "alias": [ + "兰州理工大学", + "LUT", + "Gansu University of Technology" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "36.0586087760592", + "long": "103.73054017116397", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/lanzhou-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Lanzhou University of Technology (LUT) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Gansu Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "e5307f13-e6d2-4775-916b-fe8556bbe33f", + "value": "Lanzhou University of Technology (兰州理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force is an institution devoted to training personnel in logistics for China's paramilitary service, the People's Armed Police. The university teaches subjects in applied economics, military logistics studies, paramilitary logistics, applied psychology, as well as communications and transportation engineering.The Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force actively collaborates with private institutions and civilian universities on scientific research. For example, the university collaborated with Nankai University (南开大学) and the Tianjin Eminent Electric Cell Material Company (天津爱敏特电池材料有限公司) on high performance lithium and sodium ion materials in 2018. The university also collaborated with the Tianjin Polytechnic University (天津工业大学) on intelligence, wearable technology that monitors heart rates for both military and civilian personnel.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Tianjin Shi, Dongli Qu, 武警后勤学院", + "alias": [ + "中国人民武装警察部队后勤学院", + "武警后勤学院", + "PAP Logistics University" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.15677586627608", + "long": "117.46416779544847", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/logistics-university-of-the-peoples-armed-police-force" + ], + "risk": "The Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force is designated very high risk for its work improving China's paramilitary capability.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "People's Armed Police (PAP)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Traffic and transportation engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "80f856b4-ee03-4934-9bd5-9715e983fcb9", + "value": "Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force (中国人民武装警察部队后勤学院)" + }, + { + "description": "NCHU engages in high levels of defence research relevant to the aviation industry. In 2017, the Ministry of Education designated it a ‘school with national defence education characteristics', and 30% of graduates go to work in the defence industry or civilian aviation companies. The university has been supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND since 2010. It holds secret-level security credentials.Five fields of research at NCHU are designated ‘national defence key disciplines': precision forming and joining technology, component quality testing and control, testing and measurement technology and instruments, optoelectric and laser technology, and military-use critical materials. The university hosts at least three laboratories focused on defence research.NCHU is particularly close to AVIC, the Chinese military's aircraft manufacturing company. In particular, AVIC subsidiary Hongdu Aviation Industry Group (洪都航空工业集团) is based in Nanchang and has frequent exchanges with NCHU.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Hang Tian Lu, Donghu Qu, Nanchang Shi, Jiangxi Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "南昌航空大学", + "Nanchang Aviation University", + "NCHU", + "Nanchang Aeronautical University" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "28.65191764948939", + "long": "115.82748413085938", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanchang-hangkong-university" + ], + "risk": "Nanchang Hangkong University (NCHU) is designated high risk for its close relationship to the defence industry and high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangxi Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Instrument science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "9e994690-3873-4b42-b712-51e483e28aff", + "value": "Nanchang Hangkong University (南昌航空大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NCU engages in low levels of defence research. It holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to carry out classified defence research. In 2006, it established a defence research institute together with five provincial defence industry companies. Based on affiliated staff members, the institute may be focused on mechanical engineering.The university was added to the US Government Unverified List in 2018. Entities are added the Unverified List if the US Government is unable to satisfactorily carry out end-user checks on them to ensure compliance with export licenses.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "no. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan New District, Nanchang", + "alias": [ + "南昌大学", + "NCU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "28.683529", + "long": "115.93734700000005", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanchang-university" + ], + "risk": "Nanchang University (NCU) is designated medium risk for its inclusion on the US Government's Unverified List.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangxi Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2f6af92d-3241-4096-bc77-deebfb4fe6c4", + "value": "Nanchang University (南昌大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Nanjing Army Command College is an institute devoted to training mid-career staff officers in preparation for command the PLA Ground Force. Disciplines of focus for the college include joint campaign tactics, warfighting command, military training and combat simulations.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "1 Longpan Road, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China", + "alias": [ + "南京陆军指挥学院", + "PLA Nanjing Army Command College" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "32.1705433", + "long": "118.67129239999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-army-command-college" + ], + "risk": "The Nanjing Army Command College is designated very high risk for its work training military personnel in ground combat operations.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Ground Force" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "aca9e7d4-b296-482d-9fc3-6b951a6a384f", + "value": "Nanjing Army Command College (南京陆军指挥学院)" + }, + { + "description": "", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "66 Jinjiang Rd, Gulou Qu, Nanjing Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 210010", + "alias": [ + "南京信息技术研究院", + "南京841研究所", + "Nanjing 841 Institute", + "Nanjing Research Institute of Information Technology", + "Nanjing Information Technology Institute", + "Nanjing Information Technology Academe", + "Nanjing Institute of Information Technology", + "Nanjing Information Technology Research Institute" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "32.044390094615366", + "long": "118.7338203925209", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-institute-of-information-technology" + ], + "risk": "The Nanjing Institute of Information Technology (NIIT) is designated very high risk for its affiliation with the Ministry of State Security (MSS), China's civilian intelligence agency.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of State Security (MSS)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Cyber" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2420d91d-1939-4446-8383-c1b28e0c0ba3", + "value": "Nanjing Institute of Information Technology (南京信息技术研究院)" + }, + { + "description": "Nanjing Normal University is a leading Chinese university supervised by the Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Provincial Government. The university has strengths in geospatial technology, big data and artificial intelligence.Nanjing Normal University has close ties to the Ministry of Public Security. In 2014, the university established the Ministry of Public Security Key Laboratory for Police Geospatial Information Technology (警用地理信息技术公安部重点实验室), which researches applications of geospatial information technology for policing purposes. Nanjing Normal University has also entered into an agreement with the Nanjing Municipal Public Security Bureau, establishing the ‘Video GIS Technology Laboratory' (视频GIS技术实验室) in April 2012.Nanjing Normal University has a close relationship with the regional government in Xinjiang, where over 1 million Uyghurs and Kazakhs are currently held in internment camps. In 2015, the university entered into an agreement with the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Government and the Jiangsu Municipal Government to support the development of Yili Normal University.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "南京师范大学", + "南京师大", + "南师大", + "南师", + "NNU", + "NJNU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-normal-university" + ], + "risk": "Nanjing Normal University (NNU) is designated medium risk for its work on policing technology.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Xianlin Campus (仙林校区)", + "Suiyuan Campus (随园校区)", + "Zijin Campus (紫金校区)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangsu Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "9b8d14f6-4887-4b27-87f7-1e37f8ae8cd4", + "value": "Nanjing Normal University (南京师范大学)" + }, + { + "description": "In 2016, NJTech came under the joint supervision of the Jiangsu Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND, which is an arrangement designed to develop the university's involvement in defense-related research and training. The university has four designated defence research areas and secret-level security credentials, allowing it to undertake classified defence technology projects.NJTech is expanding its defence research on materials science, chemistry, optical engineering and systems engineering. In 2018, the university established a Military-Civil Fusion Development Research Institute to deepen its implementation of military-civil fusion. NJTech has a Defence Industry Science Office (军工科研办公室) within its Depart of Scientific of Research. This office is responsible for the university's defence-related research and coordination. NJTTech's School of Materials Science and Engineering (材料科学与工程学院) has previously worked on defence-related projects.The university has international ties with universities in England that focus on electronics and semiconductors. It has also established a joint research center with Russian universities for advanced technology R&D.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "30 Puzhu S Rd, Pukou Qu, Nanjing Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 210031", + "alias": [ + "南京工业大学", + "NJTech" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "32.07584972656649", + "long": "118.63851808465574", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-tech-university" + ], + "risk": "Nanjing Tech University (NJTech) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangsu Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Chemistry", + "Control science and engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a9b2edaf-92fe-4adb-ade1-ed004587fffb", + "value": "Nanjing Tech University (南京工业大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NJU is subordinate to the MOE and has also been supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND since 2012. In 2016, the university was selected as a participant in the first batch of national dual-use demonstration bases, and a year later in 2017 was selected as a Class A world-class university. NJU is home to at least two defence laboratories and has committed to deepening its involvement in military-civilian fusion. As the first university in China to establish a State Secrecy Academy, in 2009, Nanjing University is involved in cyber security research.In 2018, NJU established an Institute of Artificial Intelligence and reported its research progress to the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of Military-Civilian Fusion when they visited the university. Following the visit, the provincial committee expressed interest in deepening cooperation on MCF projects in order to promote Jiangsu's MCF work. The Institute of AI also co-built a research center with Intel, the Intel-Nanjing University Artificial Intelligence Research Center, which is Intel's first research center focusing on AI in China. The university's rapidly developing AI Institute provides an opportunity for deepening its involvement in MCF R&D. In May 2018, NJU signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Megvii 旷视科技. Megvii has been blacklisted by the US government over human rights abuses.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Nanjing University, Hankou Road, Gulou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China", + "alias": [ + "南京大学", + "NJU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "32.0568391", + "long": "118.77896020000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-university" + ], + "risk": "Nanjing University (NJU) is designated medium risk for its moderate number of defence laboratories and involvement in cyber security research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Cyber", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "6f6e2bf1-c021-4e9f-96a9-6826b2ab844a", + "value": "Nanjing University (南京大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NUAA is one of the ‘Seven Sons of National Defence' subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. NUAA specialises in aerospace research and works closely with the Chinese military as well as civilian and military aviation companies, including military aircraft manufacturers AVIC and AECC. 21% of the university's graduates in 2018 who found employment were working in the defence sector.The university claims to have participated in nearly all major national aviation projects, including the development of the Chang'e 3 unmanned lunar explorer. NUAA hosts China's only national defence laboratory for helicopter technology.NUAA has attracted controversy for its alleged involvement in the Ministry of State Security's efforts to steal US aviation technology.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "南京航空航天大学", + "Nanhang University", + "NUAA" + ], + "category": [ + "Seven sons of national defence" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-university-of-aeronautics-and-astronautics" + ], + "risk": "Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) is designated very high risk for its involvement in economic espionage and very high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Jiangsu Provincial Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Nuclear science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "ee4437fa-530a-4b37-b53d-dcc8a5786c06", + "value": "Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (南京航空航天大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NJUPT was initially ‘one of the earliest institutions devoted to training communications personnel for the Chinese Communist Party and red army'. Since then, NJUPT has evolved from a training college to a civilian university that offers undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral degrees in various communications and engineering disciplines.NJUPT holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence research projects.Key areas of research include at the university:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "66 New Mofan Rd, Gulou Qu, Nanjing Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 210809", + "alias": [ + "南京邮电大学", + "NJUPT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "32.08076200572154", + "long": "118.77081065889547", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-university-of-posts-and-telecommunications" + ], + "risk": "Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT) is designated low risk for its low level of involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangsu Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Post Bureau" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "3bbbb7ae-a577-435a-8f9f-ff07bec011f1", + "value": "Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (南京邮电大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NJUST is one of the ‘Seven Sons of National Defence' administered by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Together with Beijing Institute of Technology, it was ranked as China's top university for armaments science in 2017. Roughly 16% of the university's graduates in 2018 who found employment were working in the defence sector.NJUST is a member of the B8 Cooperation Innovation Alliance (B8协同创新联盟 or 中国兵器协同创新联盟), a group of eight Chinese research institutions specialising in weapons science—the ‘B' in ‘B8' stands for Chinese word for armaments, bingqi (兵器). Indicative of the university's high level of involvement in defence research, in 2013 a disused laboratory on its campus exploded, killing one, after workers disturbed a cache of explosives.NJUST has a collaborative relationship with a PLA signals intelligence research institute, involving cooperation on unmanned combat platforms and information security.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xuanwu, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China", + "alias": [ + "南京理工大学", + "NJUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Seven sons of national defence" + ], + "lat": "32.035225", + "long": "118.85531700000001", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/nanjing-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST) is designated very high risk for its high level of defence research and links to China's defence industry.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "Jiangsu Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Mechanics", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "95becbf9-9531-433e-ae60-f59e36e3f4b6", + "value": "Nanjing University of Science and Technology (南京理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NDU is the PLA's ‘premier' institution for training in military theory, strategy, operations and political work, which can have its history traced back to the era of Mao Zedong's peasant-led red army in 1927.The university is devoted to training the PLA's officer corps in preparation for senior leadership positions. Given this focus on the softer skills of PLA administration, the National Defense University does not have as strong a focus on hard science as its counterpart, the National University of Defense Technology.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市海淀区红山口甲3号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军国防大学", + "国防大学", + "NDU" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.981648", + "long": "116.38674200000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/national-defense-university" + ], + "risk": "The National Defense University (NDU) is designated very high risk for its work training PLA personnel.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Central Military Commission (CMC)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "332687bc-1ed3-4930-a5ce-400b65be532e", + "value": "National Defense University (中国人民解放军国防大学)" + }, + { + "description": "In 2017, NUDT was reformed and placed in charge of the Institute of International Relations in Nanjing, the National Defense Information Institute in Wuhan, the Xi'an Communications College, the Electrical Engineering Institute in Hefei, and the College of Meteorology and Oceanography in Nanjing. The Institute of International Relations in Nanjing is a key training centre for intelligence officers.NUDT is known for its research on supercomputers, autonomous vehicles, hypersonic missiles and China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System. The university developed the Tianhe-2A supercomputer at the National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou, the world's fastest supercomputer from 2013 to 2016. NUDT's Tianhe-1A supercomputer is based at Hunan University's National Supercomputing Center Changsha (国家超级计算长沙中心).For over a decade, NUDT has aggressively leveraged overseas expertise and resources to build its capabilities. The Australian Strategic Policy Institute's International Cyber Policy Centre's October 2018 report ‘Picking flowers, making honey: The Chinese military's collaboration with foreign universities' documented and analysed NUDT's overseas presence. The report found that by 2013 the university had sent over 1,600 of its professors and students to study and work abroad. Universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Singapore, the Netherlands and Germany engage in some of the highest levels of collaboration with NUDT. Some of NUDT's leading experts on drone swarms, hypersonic missiles, supercomputers, radars, navigation and quantum physics have been sent to study or work abroad.Defected Chinese spy Wang Liqiang claimed in 2019 that NUDT's ‘Intelligence Center' sent him fake passports for his mission to interfere in Taiwanese politics. This indicates that the university plays an important role in supporting China's overseas intelligence activity.NUDT also works with foreign technology companies. Google and Microsoft have both worked with and trained NUDT scientists.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军国防科技大学", + "NUDT", + "Changsha Institute of Technology", + "National Key Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing", + "并行与分布处理国家重点实验室", + "Hunan Guofang Kei University" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/national-university-of-defense-technology" + ], + "risk": "The National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) is the PLA's premier institution for scientific research and education. NUDT is directly subordinate to the Central Military Commission and ranks among China's top universities for computer science, optical engineering, communications engineering and aerospace science.https://web.archive.org/web/20170602170852/http://www.nudt.edu.cn/introduce.asp?classid=4 As the only military institution sponsored under the PRC's major university development programs (the Double First-Class University Plan, Project 985, and Project 211) NUDT is likely the best-funded engineering university in the PLA.", + "subsidiary": [ + "International Relations Institute (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province)", + "Information and Communications Institute (Wuhan, Hubei Province)", + "Electronic Countermeasures Institute (Hefei, Anhui Province)", + "College of Meteorology and Oceanography (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province)", + "National Supercomputing Center in Changsha " + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Central Military Commission (CMC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Artificial intelligence", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Electrical engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Nuclear weapons", + "Optical engineering", + "Quantum" + ] + }, + "uuid": "5e528cbd-56e5-44a3-b963-4b5694975b6f", + "value": "National University of Defense Technology (中国人民解放军国防科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Naval Command College is an institution that provides education and training for naval officers in a variety of disciplines such as military thought, strategic studies, intelligence training and political work along with military operations, tactics and campaigns. The college plays a crucial role in improving the quality of PLA Navy personnel, as well as providing combined arms training for mid-career political commissars, logistics officers and equipment officers. The college serves to improve strategic and tactical thinking in the PLA Navy by hosting the Naval Campaigns and Tactics Center Laboratory (海军战役战术中心实验室) and producing research that looks at operationalising new training and command systems. It is the PLA-N's last remaining command academic institution.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "21 Qianbanshanyuan, Xuanwu Qu, Nanjing Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 210021", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军指挥学院", + "海军指挥学院", + "PLA Navy Command College", + "Navy Command College", + "Naval Command Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "32.04478", + "long": "118.82649300000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/naval-command-college" + ], + "risk": "The Naval Command College is designated very high risk due to its work training officers for naval warfare and intelligence work.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "44649838-dd20-4d5d-8daa-367794a59adb", + "value": "Naval Command College (中国人民解放军海军指挥学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The academy has three main departments focused on training, campus affairs and political work. It has published research on radar jamming.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国安徽省蚌埠市禹会区燕山路1454号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军士官学校", + "海军士官学校", + "中国人民解放军海军蚌埠士官学校", + "PLA Navy Bengbu Petty Officer Academy", + "Naval Petty Officer Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "32.9068392", + "long": "117.32718699999998", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/naval-petty-officer-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Naval Petty Officer Academy is designated very high risk due to its work training personnel in the PLA Navy.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d1cb633a-1328-45f6-8e56-7914dc954805", + "value": "Naval Petty Officer Academy (中国人民解放军海军士官学校)" + }, + { + "description": "The Naval Research Academy was established in July 2017 following Xi Jinping's military reforms. Main areas of study include military theory and technological research as well as the maritime environment and national defence engineering.The Naval Research Academy actively collaborates with civilian universities as part of China's military-civil fusion program. In April 2019, delegates from the Naval Research Academy attended a meeting with officials from Xi'an Jiaotong University on co-operation directed at improving the quality assurance and technological reliability of complex armaments currently in service in the PLA Navy. Major General Li Wei from the Naval Research Academy stated that his colleagues were paying ‘very close attention to this co-operation with Xi'an Jiaotong University' in the development and sustainment of naval equipment.The Naval Research Academy also collaborates with civilian research institutes. For example, the Institute for Industrial Military-Civil Fusion at the Research Institute of Machinery Industry Economic and Management claims to have worked with the Naval Research Academy and a number of state-owned enterprises that focus on defence technology such as China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) in order to develop strategies for military-civil fusion.The Naval Research Academy's involvement in military-civil fusion is particularly notable for work on maritime information technology and equipment. In January 2019, delegates from the Naval Research Academy attended a conference hosted by the National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Science and Technology (水声技术国防科技重点实验室) and the Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security Industry and Information Technology (海洋信息获取与安全工业和信息化部重点实验室) of Harbin Engineering University (HEU). The Naval Research Academy's Liu Qingyu (刘清宇) was reported to have made a presentation on international and domestic developments in marine sonar technology at the conference.Liu Qingyu from the Naval Research Academy has a particularly strong record of engagement with civilian and military institutions for his research into marine sonar technology. In 2018, Liu delivered a presentation to the Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) which ‘elaborated on some of the problems facing the national costal defence industry' and ‘suggested areas for future research into marine acoustics.' Both students and academics from NPU attended Liu's presentation. Liu has also published papers on acoustic science with scholars from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Naval University of Engineering, and Northwestern Polytechnical University.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Beijing, Fengtai, 六里桥北里甲1号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军研究院", + "海军研究院", + "中国人民解放军海军装备论证研究中心", + "海军装备论证研究中心", + "中国人民解放军海军装备研究院", + "海军装备研究院", + "PLA Navy Research Academy", + "PLA Navy Equipment Academy", + "Naval Equipment Academy", + "Naval Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.88489795610938", + "long": "116.30907341837883", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/naval-research-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Naval Research Academy is designated very high risk due to its work on sensitive naval technology.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Information and communication engineering", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "24ea674d-9796-4254-8aa4-5711b1c50657", + "value": "Naval Research Academy (中国人民解放军海军研究院)" + }, + { + "description": "NUE is one of the PLA's five comprehensive universities, which trains students in a variety of engineering and core military disciplines related to naval warfare.The university is home two national laboratories. The National Key Laboratory for Vessel Integrated Power System Technology (舰船综合电力技术国防科技重点实验室), which was established in 2010 to carry out ‘indigenous research and development' into integrated electric propulsion (IEP) systems that power naval vessels at sea. IEP generally uses diesel generators and/or gas turbines to generate the electricity needed in order to turn propellers on large surface vessels such as guided missile destroyers or amphibious assault ships. The lab is jointly run by NUE and China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation's (CSIC) 712th Research Institute.Rear Admiral Ma Weiming has led the National Key Laboratory for Vessel Integrated Power System Technology to develop propulsion systems for aircraft catapults, electromagnetic weapons and satellite launches. Admiral Ma has been referred to as ‘the father of China's electromagnetic catapult system' (中国电磁弹射之父) by official Chinese media sources.NUE's National Defense Technology Key Laboratory of Marine Vibration and Noise (船舶振动噪声国防科技重点实验室) works on acoustic quieting technology for submarines. The lab is probably jointly run with CSIC's 701st Research Institute, also known as China Ship Development and Design Center (中国舰船研究设计中心).Another laboratory that conducts defence research at NUE is the Nuclear Marine Propulsion Engineering Military Key Laboratory (舰船核动力工程军队重点实验室). The lab focuses on researching and training engineers in nuclear engineering for warships and submarines.Academic departments at the Naval University of Engineering include:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Hubei, Wuhan, Qiaokou, Jiefang Avenue, 海军工程大学", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军工程大学", + "海军工程大学", + "海工大", + "Naval Engineering University", + "NUE" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "30.5756202", + "long": "114.24262180000005", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/naval-university-of-engineering" + ], + "risk": "The Naval University of Engineering (NUE) is designated very high risk due to its work on warship propulsion systems, submarine technology and naval weaponry.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Logistics Academy (Tianjin)", + "Naval training base - Lake Mulan, Wuhan (木兰湖水上训练基地)", + "Naval training base - Shanwei, Guangdong (广东汕尾海上训练基地)", + "Nuclear propulsion training site - Sichuan (四川核動力運行實習所)", + "Hongan Revolutionary Traditions Educational Base in Hubei (紅安革命傳統教育基地)", + "PLA Navy Qingdao Equipment Technology Safeguard Talent Work Station (海军青岛装备技术保障人才工作站)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Power engineering and engineering thermophysics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "80ab9b19-0e12-401a-bbec-06dbba6422be", + "value": "Naval University of Engineering (中国人民解放军海军工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Navy Aviation University was established upon the merger of the Naval Aviation Pilot Academy and the Naval Aviation Engineering University during Xi Jinping's military reforms in 2017. The university conducts research into missile engineering, electrical engineering and automation, navigation engineering as well as air station management engineering and flight vehicle design engineering. Academic articles published by the university have looked at topics such as the PLA-N's combat system capability and naval aviation management systems. ", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国山东省烟台市芝罘区二马路188号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军航空大学", + "海军航空大学", + "海军航大", + "Naval Aviation University", + "Naval Aeronautics and Astronautics University", + "" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "37.533393", + "long": "121.41777239999999", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/navy-aviation-university" + ], + "risk": "The Navy Aviation University is designated very-high risk for its research on naval aviation systems.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "605e1678-2f2c-4217-8ae0-31e2c9d81292", + "value": "Navy Aviation University (中国人民解放军海军航空大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Navy Logistics Academy is an institution devoted to training naval cadets and officers specialising in logistics. The academy's core training and research focuses on military studies, management science and economics, while specialist lines of research include logistics command management and military financial auditing. The Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) in Arlington, Virginia have noted that entry into the academy tends to occur at the mid-career level for officers in the PLA-N.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "1211 Shandong Rd, Binhai Xinqu, Tianjin Shi, China, 300451", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军勤务学院", + "海军勤务学院" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.012864485833255", + "long": "117.65560812631986", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/navy-logistics-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Navy Logistics Academy is designated very high risk for its training of naval logistics officers and its research into logistical sciences.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "08c9e54b-9434-4e9b-92ef-2cbbf3ea3bd6", + "value": "Navy Logistics Academy (中国人民解放军海军勤务学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The PLA Navy Medical University, formerly known as the Second Military Medical University, was established in 1951 as a university focussed on medical research for the Chinese military.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, 上海市 Yangpu, 翔殷路800号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军军医大学", + "中国人民解放军第二军医大", + "海军军医大学", + "Second Military Medical University" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "31.304525", + "long": "121.529176", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/navy-medical-university" + ], + "risk": "The PLA Navy Medical University is designated very high risk for its subordination to the PLA-N.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Biology", + "Biomedical engineering", + "Medicine" + ] + }, + "uuid": "16a26499-0d83-4f2f-bd4f-ec229ed5a62b", + "value": "Navy Medical University (中国人民解放军海军军医大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Navy Submarine Academy is responsible for the training of submariners to crew its conventionally and nuclear-powered submarines. The academy focuses its research on subjects such as electrical and information engineering, combat simulation, underwater acoustic engineering and navigation technology along with weapons systems and launch engineering and underwater ordnance technology. The academy also offers programs in combat tactics and the underwater combat environment.The Navy Submarine Academy pursues research that may contribute to Chinese anti-submarine warfare capabilities through the Underwater Operational Environment Military Key Laboratory (水下作战环境军队重点实验室). The academy also oversees part of the  The publication record of researchers from the Navy Submarine Academy also suggests a strong interest in foreign developments in undersea warfare systems.  In 2018, the Navy Submarine Academy signed a cooperative agreement with Harbin Engineering University (HEU). The agreement is directed at promoting research collaboration in subjects such as big data fusion, intelligent navigation, underwater acoustic target recognition, and underwater unmanned intelligent control systems.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国山东省青岛市李沧区金水路1号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院", + "海军潜艇学院", + "PLA Navy Submarine Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "36.1744867", + "long": "120.38092989999996", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/navy-submarine-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Navy Submarine Academy is designated very high risk due to its research on key submarine technology and its work training submariners.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Navy" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a72c7d6b-709f-46b3-b2ab-7e7fe797af6c", + "value": "Navy Submarine Academy (中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院)" + }, + { + "description": "NCIAE specialises aerospace technology and engineering. The university is primarily run by the Hebei Provincial Government, together with the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), and China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC).NCIAE appears to be a major training center for CASC and CASIC, state-owned defence conglomerates that dominate China's missile and satellite sector. NCIAE runs at least two research and development centres with CASC and was involved in the development of the Shenzhou spacecraft, Long March rockets and the DFH-5 satellite platform.In 2003, the Hebei Provincial Government, CASC and CASIC signed an agreement to jointly support NCIAE (pictured below, courtesy of NCIAE).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Guangyang, Langfang, China", + "alias": [ + "北华航天工业学院", + "NCIAE" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.526285", + "long": "116.73136799999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/north-china-institute-of-aerospace-engineering" + ], + "risk": "North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering (NCIAE) is designated very high risk for its close relationship with Chinese missile manufacturers and focus on defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hebei Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC)", + "China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Computer science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "607e016f-85c3-4520-83c1-20b47b43f193", + "value": "North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering (北华航天工业学院)" + }, + { + "description": "NCST was founded in 2010 and focuses on metallurgy and materials science. The university engages in growing levels of defence research since coming under the supervision of defence industry agency SASTIND in 2013.‘Military-use critical materials' has been designated as a key defence research area at NCST.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian, Tangshan, Hebei, China", + "alias": [ + "华北理工大学", + "NCST", + "Hebei United University", + "河北联合大学" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.1973337", + "long": "118.60239690000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/north-china-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "North China University of Science and Technology (NCST) is designated low risk for its low level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hebei Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "State Administration of Work Safety" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "6b91a9bf-4c41-4bd8-99b9-ebef129d1a60", + "value": "North China University of Science and Technology (华北理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NUC is a civilian university that specailises in defence research. It is jointly administered by the Shanxi Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND. The university traces its roots back to an ordnance school established by the Eighth Route Army in 1941, and defence research is central to its identity. According to NUC's website, ‘Our university has long established excellent and cooperative relationships with Central Military Commission departments, SASTIND, Norinco Group, China South Industries Group, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, and our graduates are spread across different areas in defence industry.' Approximately 2000 of its graduates enter the defence industry each year.NUC specialises in testing and developing weapons, including tanks, missiles and explosives. Its Underground Target Damage Technology National Defense Key Subject Laboratory reportedly runs the only underground shooting range in a Chinese university. The university is a member of the B8 Cooperation Innovation Alliance (B8协同创新联盟 or 中国兵器协同创新联盟), a group of eight Chinese research institutions that specialize in armament science—the ‘B' in ‘B8' stands for Chinese work for armaments, bingqi (兵器).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中北大学", + "NUC" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/north-university-of-china" + ], + "risk": "North University of China (NUC) is designated very high risk for its high number of defence laboratories, close relationship with the defence industry, and link to an espionage case.", + "subsidiary": [ + "" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Shanxi Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Mechanics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2f556f88-3c49-4cbe-8999-2250f5b56f01", + "value": "North University of China (中北大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NEU is a major civilian university subordinate to the Ministry of Education. The university hosts three national laboratories, all of which are related to industrial manufacturing technology.NEU engages in growing levels of defence research. It holds secret-level security credentials allowing it to participate in classified weapons projects and hosts the defence-focused Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Equipment Vibration and Control. In 2018, NEU was approved to build a further five laboratories that could be involved in future defence or security-related research.In 2019, NEU joined the Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute Collaborative Innovation Alliance (沈阳飞机设计研究所协同创新联盟), a group of universities and institutes, led by defence conglomerate AVIC, that are involved in the development of military aircraft. NEU also runs a National Defense Science and Technology Development Research Institute (国防科技发展研究院). In 2019, the institute's senior deputy director was awarded a China Industry-University-Research Cooperation Military-Civil Fusion Prize.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "东北大学", + "NEU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/northeastern-university" + ], + "risk": "Northeastern University (NEU) is designated medium risk for hosting a defence laboratory.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Liaoning Provincial Government", + "Shenyang Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Mechanics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "eaa6a4d4-9383-400e-bbb3-1280a8dbf7d2", + "value": "Northeastern University (东北大学)" + }, + { + "description": "NINT is one of China's main sites of nuclear technology research. While the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics is believed to be China's only manufacturer of nuclear warheads, NINT likely plays a supporting role in research for nuclear weapons. It is especially active in research on lasers, which can be used in nuclear fusion reactors or weapons. Aside from nuclear technology, NINT carries out research on topics including electronics, information science, materials science, control science and chemistry.NINT has partnerships with several institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangtan University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, and Xi'an Jiaotong University.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "28 Pingyu Rd, Lintong Qu, Xian Shi, Shaanxi Sheng, China, 710025", + "alias": [ + "西北核技术研究所", + "NINT", + "Institute of Northwest Nuclear Technology", + "Northwest Nuclear Technology Institute" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "34.32767966342522", + "long": "109.13929372512268", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/northwest-institute-of-nuclear-technology" + ], + "risk": "Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology (NINT) is designated very high risk as a military institution focused on nuclear technology.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Central Military Commission (CMC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Chemistry", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Optical engineering", + "Physics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "7d2b613b-7d59-4a2b-8782-18b8fa5a25d2", + "value": "Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology (西北核技术研究所)" + }, + { + "description": "The university is one of the ‘Seven Sons of National Defence' subordinate to MIIT. It is heavily engaged in military research, describing itself as ‘devoted to improving and serving the national defence science and technology industry.' NWPU's research focuses on aviation, space and naval technology.  Between 2014 and 2018, the university's School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture alone spent nearly RMB200 million (AUD40 million) on defence research projects. 41.25% of 2017 NWPU graduates who gained employment were working in the defence sector.NWPU is known for its development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The only Chinese university hosting a UAV defence laboratory, NWPU produces the ASN series of UAVs though its subsidiary company, Aisheng Technology Group Co., Ltd. The Chinese military is the company's largest customer and the company once claimed to produce 90% of China's drones.The university has close ties to state-owned shipbuilding and aerospace conglomerates.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "西北工业大学", + "NWPU", + "NPU", + "Northwest Polytechnic University", + "Northwest Polytechnical University", + "Northwestern Polytechnic University" + ], + "category": [ + "Seven sons of national defence" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/northwestern-polytechnical-university" + ], + "risk": "Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU) is designated very high risk because of its top-secret secrecy credentials, very high number of defence labs and defence research areas, involvement in illegal exports, and supervision by MIIT.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Xi'an Aisheng Technology Group (西安爱生技术集团公司), aka Northwestern Polytechnical University 365th Research Institute or Xi'an ASN Technology Group", + "Bright Laser Technology (西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Biology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Mechanics", + "Seven Sons of National Defence" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a488033c-d250-4644-8d56-3dd563b37438", + "value": "Northwestern Polytechnical University (西北工业大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Officers College of the PAP was established as an institution devoted to training officers of China's paramilitary service in command and engineering disciplines. The college's research focusses on combat command, command information systems engineering, philosophy, law, political education, Chinese language and literature, history, mathematics, physics, applied psychology, electrical science and technology, computer science and technology, and management science and engineering.The Officers College of the PAP is especially active in developing drone technology. On 26 June 2019, the college tested its X-Swift unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for a test surveillance and reconnaissance flight with special operations personnel in Sichuan.The college is also active in developing applications for drone technology. Researchers from the college have collaborated with personnel from the PLA Logistics Engineering University to publish an article in favour of deploying UAVs to southern Xinjiang for counter-terrorism missions. The researchers argue for UAVs to be deployed for regional surveillance and strike as well as search and seizure missions in Xinjiang, drawing off lessons from the US coalition against ISIS.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国四川省成都市双流区警校路一段489号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民武装警察部队警官学院", + "武警警官学院", + "PAP Officers' College", + "People's Armed Police Officers' College" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "30.5114777", + "long": "104.0406054", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/officers-college-of-the-pap" + ], + "risk": "The Officers College of the PAP is designated very high risk due to its involvement in training China's paramilitary personnel.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "People's Armed Police (PAP)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Mathematics", + "Physics", + "Psychological sciences" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a821ec3b-82b9-4d6d-a3b3-20c55a017ffa", + "value": "Officers College of the PAP (中国人民武装警察部队警官学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The PAP NCO College was established in 2017 following Xi Jinping's reforms to China's military education system. The college does not appear to engage in significant levels of defence research and focuses its attention on training enlisted personnel in China's paramilitary service, the People's Armed Police.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Unnamed Road, Fuyang Qu, Hangzhou Shi, Zhejiang Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "中国人民武装警察部队士官学校", + "People's Armed Police NCO College", + "武警士官学校", + "中国人民武装警察部队杭州士官学校" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "30.08184591337134", + "long": "119.88079166326997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/pap-nco-college" + ], + "risk": "The PAP NCO College is designated very high risk for its work training China's enlisted paramilitary personnel.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "People's Armed Police (PAP)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "bf1aa426-a8fc-4bbf-8314-db0305f5b3c8", + "value": "PAP NCO College (中国人民武装警察部队士官学校)" + }, + { + "description": "PKU is considered among China's most prestigious universities with a storied history. It is ranked as one of China's top two academic institutions, along with Tsinghua University. Unsurprisingly, the university has been included in a number of the PRC's educational initiatives, including as a Class A institution under the Double First-Class University program.PKU has been subject to at least two joint-supervision agreements between the Ministry of Education and defence industry agency SASTIND. These agreements, signed in 2012 and 2016, are designed to deepen the university's involvement in defence research.PKU's Advanced Technology Institute was founded in 2006 to oversee and develop the university's defence research. Includes several research centres and supervises the university's four major defence laboratories. The institute's research covers semiconductors, nuclear technology, quantum physics, advanced materials, underwater acoustics, satellite navigation and communications, flight propulsion, aerospace engineering and microprocessors.In 2017, PKU and the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)—China's nuclear weapons program—established the PKU–CAEP New Structure Center for Applied Physics and Technology (北京大学-中国工程物理研究院新体制应用物理与技术研究中心).. The institution was founded on the basis of the PKU Center for Applied Physics and Technology (北京大学应用物理与技术研究中心) established with CAEP in 2007. The joint centre carries out research on materials, lasers for atomic physics applications, laser plasma physics, computer science and fluid dynamics. PKU's report on the centre notes that it will serve China's national defence needs and that CAEP's deputy director emphasised it should ‘take the path of military-civil fusion'. The joint centre's honorary director and founding director, He Xiantu, is credited as the developer of China's first neutron bomb.PKU takes precautions for the protection of classified information. The university has an office devoted to the secure handling of classified information, hosting regular meetings and training sessions to strengthen the university's security culture. In 2006, the university received security credentials for participation in classified defence research.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian, China", + "alias": [ + "北京大学", + "北大", + "Beijing University", + "Beida", + "PKU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.986913", + "long": "116.30587390000005", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/peking-university" + ], + "risk": "Peking University (PKU) is designated high risk for its involvement in defence research and links to China's nuclear weapons program", + "subsidiary": [ + "Advanced Technology Institute", + "Founder Group", + "WBL Corporation", + "Pioneer-PKU and Pulead Technology Industry Co." + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Beijing Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Chemistry", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Mechanics", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Nuclear weapons", + "Optical engineering", + "Physics", + "Quantum" + ] + }, + "uuid": "8a62aa3b-bcbe-47cd-9b72-d768b6dfb5b0", + "value": "Peking University (北京大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The PAP Command College is an institution devoted to training officers in China's paramilitary service, the People's Armed Police, that was established in 1984. The college's key subjects focus on law, engineering, military studies and management studies, but most attention is devoted to paramilitary training and political work. The PAP Command College maintains a focus on paramilitary training, but it does retain a scientific research program.Drone technology is another area of interest for the PAP Command College. The college was involved in testing the X-Swift unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in June 2019. Kang Jian from the college's Scientific Research Department also attended the 2017 Drone World Congress hosted in Shenzhen.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国天津市河东区卫国道187号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民武装警察指挥学院", + "武警指挥学院", + "PAP Command College", + "The People's Armed Police College China", + "The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "39.1459087", + "long": "117.26952849999998", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/peoples-armed-police-command-college" + ], + "risk": "The People's Armed Police Command College is designated very high risk due to its work training personnel for roles in the PAP.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "People's Armed Police (PAP)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d6dcdd79-c03b-4e21-b056-a6362c5e73cb", + "value": "People's Armed Police Command College (中国人民武装警察指挥学院)" + }, + { + "description": "PPSUC was founded in July 1948. In 1984, it was developed into a full-time higher education institution with master's and bachelor's degree programs. In 1998, it was merged with the Chinese People's Police University (中国人民警官大学). Its schools include a Marxism School, Law School, Law and Order School, Investigation and Anti-Terrorism School, Criminology School, Pubic Security Management School, International Policing and Law Enforcement School, Police Training College (which covers combat training and command and tactical training), Criminal Science and Technology School, Information Technology and Network Security School, and a Traffic Management School.PPSUC is involved in the development of technological tools for public security applications, including image recognition. For instance, the university signed an agreement with Chinese video surveillance equipment manufacturer Hikvision in 2016 to set up a joint laboratory on video image recognition technology. In 2018, it signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Xiamen Meiya Pico Information Co., a Chinese company that provides digital forensics and information security products, which included upgrading a forensics laboratory and establishing a cyber security attack and defence laboratory.The university also has cooperation agreements with numerous local government-level public security bureaus across the PRC. These include agreements on image recognition technology for local public security bureaus and joint laboratories. For instance, in 2018 alongside the Nanshan sub-bureau of Shenzhen Public Security Bureau and the artificial intelligence companies SenseTime and Shenzhen Yuantian Lifei, it signed a strategic cooperation agreement on applying video recognition and the establishment of a joint laboratory.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "No. 1 Muxidi Nanli, Xicheng District, Beijing", + "alias": [ + "中国人民公安大学", + "Chinese People Public Security University", + "PPSUC" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "39.9086", + "long": "116.33780000000002", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/peoples-public-security-university-of-china" + ], + "risk": "People's Public Security University of China (PPSUC) is designated very high risk for its affiliation with the Ministry of Public Security", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Public Security (MPS)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Cyber" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a5b36bc1-e25a-4471-9790-5958d51b9ea7", + "value": "People's Public Security University of China (中国人民公安大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Railway Police College is China's only institution of higher learning devoted to training specialists responsible for securing the Chinese railway network. In 2017, the college graduated over 1,000 personnel trained in disciplines such as surveillance studies, political security studies and safety management studies.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Henan, Zhengzhou, Jinshui, 铁道警察学院", + "alias": [ + "铁道警察学院", + "铁道警院", + "Ministry of Public Security Railway Police College", + "MPS Railway Police College" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "34.816757", + "long": "113.71399599999995", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/railway-police-college" + ], + "risk": "The Railway Police College is designated very high risk for its affiliation with China's Ministry of Public Security.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Public Security (MPS)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Information and communication engineering", + "Traffic and transportation engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "c3b683c3-eedf-42e2-a28b-f68043d33364", + "value": "Railway Police College (铁道警察学院)" + }, + { + "description": "Renmin University is subordinate to the Ministry of Education and also supported by the Beijing Municipal Government. Its focus is in the humanities and social sciences. Although the university does not appear to have ties with the national defense industry, it was placed on the US Government's Unverified List in April 2019, which places restrictions on US exports to the university. Entities are added the Unverified List if the US Government is unable to satisfactorily carry out end-user checks on them to ensure compliance with export licenses.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing, China", + "alias": [ + "人民大学", + "RUC" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.968312", + "long": "116.31444999999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/renmin-university" + ], + "risk": "Renmin University is designated medium risk for its inclusion on the US Government's Unverified List.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Beijing Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "2fdfdce0-d398-46f2-bab2-b14048338d52", + "value": "Renmin University (人民大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The Rocket Force Command College is the PLA's premier institute devoted to training cadets and early-to-mid career officers in conventional and nuclear missile campaigns. Candidates require understanding of battlefield command, management and campaign tactics prior to entry into the college. The college then builds on this knowledge by providing specialist training for missile campaigns.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "924 Jianshe Ave, Jiangan Qu, Wuhan Shi, Hubei Sheng, China, 430000", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军火箭指挥学院", + "火箭指挥学院", + "SMF (Strategic Missile Force) Command College" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "30.627764154582273", + "long": "114.30728814243321", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/rocket-force-command-college" + ], + "risk": "The Rocket Force Command College is designated very high risk for its work training personnel for command of the PLA's strategic missile forces", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Rocket Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Nuclear weapons" + ] + }, + "uuid": "238e4bfe-70c7-49fd-a227-e4732ef97d44", + "value": "Rocket Force Command College (中国人民解放军火箭指挥学院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Rocket Force Research Institute develops nuclear and conventional ballistic missiles, carrying out research on warhead, guidance and control technology. It appears to be the successor to the PLA Second Artillery Equipment Academy (火箭军装备研究院) and the Rocket Force Equipment Academy (火箭军装备研究院). The institute reportedly hosts two national-level defence laboratories. It also has a strategic cooperation agreement with Beijing Institute of Technology, which hosts two state key laboratories that study impacts and explosions.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "32 Xiaoying West Road, Haidian, Beijing, China", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军火箭军研究院", + "火箭军研究院", + "二炮兵装备研究院", + "火箭军装备研究院", + "Second Artillery Equipment Academy", + "Rocket Force Equipment Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "40.035628", + "long": "116.32894599999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/rocket-force-research-institute" + ], + "risk": "The Rocket Force Research Institute is designated very high risk for its work on sensitive defence technology.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Rocket Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "1b17a1b2-47c0-43ce-8de1-48faa650c9fa", + "value": "Rocket Force Research Institute (中国人民解放军火箭军研究院)" + }, + { + "description": "The Rocket Force Officer College is an institution devoted to training military personnel for China's tactical and strategic missile forces that was established after Xi Jinping's military reforms in 2017. The college's focus is on providing technical training to personnel in the PLARF's missile systems. However, the college has also produced research on underground engineering which would be useful to hardening bases for missile strikes.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "718 Nan Huan Xi Lu, Qingzhou Shi, Weifang Shi, Shandong Sheng, China, 262500", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军火箭军士官学校", + "火箭军士官学校", + "PLA Rocket Force NCO College", + "Rocket Force Sergeancy School", + "Rocket Force Sergeant School of the PLA", + "PLA Rocket Force Academy", + "Rocket Force NCO College", + "Rocket Sergeant School" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "36.67292492170156", + "long": "118.46086621284485", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/rocket-force-sergeant-school" + ], + "risk": "The Rocket Force Officer College is designated very high risk for its work training military personnel in commanding the PLA Rocket Force's missile forces.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Rocket Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "544b52a5-5ae7-41c8-af37-5f411c4d30a0", + "value": "Rocket Force Sergeant School (中国人民解放军火箭军士官学校)" + }, + { + "description": "RFUE is the PLA strategic missile force's leading institution for training technical and scientific talent. Students entering the university tend to be university graduates and career members of the PLA Rocket Force.Defence research conducted by the RFUE focuses on building resilience and capabilities for conventional and nuclear missile strikes. RFUE hosts the Missile Testing and Control Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center (导弹测试与控制虚拟仿真实验教学中心).The university's key areas of research include:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国陕西省西安市灞桥区同心路2号", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学", + "火箭军工程大学", + "第二炮兵工程大学", + "西安高技术研究所", + "Rocket Force Engineering University", + "RFUE", + "RFEU", + "Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology", + "Xi'an Research Institute of High-Tech" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "34.3160167", + "long": "109.12223089999998", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/rocket-force-university-of-engineering" + ], + "risk": "The Rocket Force University of Engineering (RFUE) is designated very high risk due for its role in China's missile program.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Rocket Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "eacc6e1d-2736-42a8-b7ee-0766ae10237c", + "value": "Rocket Force University of Engineering (中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SDU is subordinate to the Ministry of Education. Since 2016, it has also been supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND as part of a program to expand universities' involvement in defence research and training.SDU has pursued greater involvement in defence research since at least 2006, when it established a national defence research institute to coordinate relevant work across the university. Shortly afterwards, it received secret-level security credentials allowing it to participate and research and production for classified weapons and defence technology projects. In 2008, it was recognised as one of Shandong Province's 10 outstanding defence industry units.SDU collaborates with the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, China's nuclear warheads development facility, on topics including the development of crystals that are used in the study of nuclear explosions and research on fusion ignition.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "山东大学", + "SDU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shandong-university" + ], + "risk": "Shandong University (SDU) is designated very high risk for its high number of defence laboratories and links to China's nuclear weapons program.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Shandong Hoteam Technologies Co., Ltd. (山东山大华天科技集团股份有限公司)", + "Shandong University, Weihai (山东大学（威海）)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Cryptography", + "Cyber", + "Materials science and technology", + "Optical engineering", + "Power engineering and engineering thermophysics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "21b84917-1a5c-4f81-873d-e5e4e2faa7e8", + "value": "Shandong University (山东大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SDUT specialises in engineering and carries out growing levels of defence research. In 2018, SDUT became the only university in Shandong Province jointly supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND besides Shandong University.  This indicates that SDUT's involvement in defence research and links to the defence industry will grow in coming years.SASTIND has specifically indicated its intention to build up advanced materials and advanced manufacturing technology as areas of defence research at SDUT. SDUT has carried out research on mechatronic engineering for the defence industry, and developed a non-destructive testing system for ceramic antenna covers on missiles.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "266 Xincun W Rd, Zhangdian Qu, Zibo Shi, Shandong Sheng, China, 255023", + "alias": [ + "山东理工大学", + "SDUT", + "" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "36.80505861120979", + "long": "118.00528013988117", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shandong-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Shandong University of Technology (SDUT) is designated low risk for its low level of defence research. However, this may change in the future.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Shandong Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "86fdbfcc-bb93-478e-a6ca-1c9e3fb156d3", + "value": "Shandong University of Technology (山东理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SJTU is directly under the administration of the MOE. In 2016 it also came under the supervision of defence industry agency SASTIND as part of a ‘joint construction' agreement between the MOE and SASTIND.The university has at least three laboratories focused on defense research relating to materials science, ships and hydrodynamics. The defence labs have established substantial collaborative research and talent development relationships with hydrodynamics research groups at universities including MIT, Cornell, and the Danish Technical University.One of the university's strongest departments is computer science. Its computer science program has garnered support from American tech companies such as Cisco Systems and Microsoft, which collaborated on establishing a laboratory for intelligent computing and intelligent systems at the university. In particular, the School of Information Security Engineering, has ties to the PLA through its dean and chief professor who both previously worked for the PLA. SJTU also has ties to the PLA Unit 61398, a cyber espionage unit that has been implicated in cyber attacks on the United States.SJTU is also known for its involvement in maritime research. The School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering cooperates extensively with other universities from around the world as well as with many domestic industrial enterprises, such as defence conglomerate CSIC and CASC. The school is the lead unit of the High-tech Ship and Deep-Sea Development Equipment Collaborative Innovation Center (高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心), where it has contributed to assisting the PLA Navy's transition to offshore defense operations.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, China", + "alias": [ + "上海交通大学", + "SJTU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.023856", + "long": "121.44163100000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shanghai-jiaotong-university" + ], + "risk": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) is designated high risk for its high level in defence research and alleged links to cyber attacks.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanics", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering", + "Nuclear science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "53cc5a3a-be5f-438f-a3b0-504de9d814fb", + "value": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University (上海交通大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SHU is engaged in growing levels of defence research. In 2016, the Shanghai Municipal Government and defence industry agency SASTIND agreed to jointly supervise and support its participation in defence research.Shanghai University has begun building up its capability in defence research in areas such as unmanned surface vehicles, materials for missiles, and microwave technology. It holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects.Shanghai University's Research Institute of Unmanned Surface Vehicle Engineering researches and produces unmanned surface vessels, some of which are for the China Maritime Safety Administration.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "99 Shangda Rd, Baoshan Qu, Shanghai Shi, China, 200072", + "alias": [ + "上海大学", + "SHU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.3186294168732", + "long": "121.39031037168888", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shanghai-university" + ], + "risk": "Shanghai University (SHU) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Shanghai Municipal Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Electronics science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Robotics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "00c4b229-ae12-4317-ac79-5acd862400b4", + "value": "Shanghai University (上海大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SAU is the only university formally under the supervision of China's military aircraft manufacturer, AVIC. SAU engages in high levels of defence research and describes itself as a base for training talent in national defence science and technology. Serving China's military aviation industry is what SAU refers to as its ‘glorious tradition'.Many of China's military aircraft are designed and built in Shenyang, which is home to AVIC subsidiaries Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute and Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. SAU and AVIC work closely together, including through a joint research institute.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "37 Daoyi S St, Shenbei Xinqu, Shenyang Shi, Liaoning Sheng, China, 110148", + "alias": [ + "沈阳航空航天大学", + "SAU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "41.9224691279455", + "long": "123.39907472209018", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shenyang-aerospace-university" + ], + "risk": "Shenyang Aerospace University (SAU) is designated high risk for its high level of defence research and close relationship to China's military aviation industry.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Shenyang Hangda Onboard Devices Co., Ltd. (沈阳航达机载设备有限公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Liaoning Provincial Government", + "Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2dc18312-ec0b-40cb-bf0c-a556610e2ab0", + "value": "Shenyang Aerospace University (沈阳航空航天大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SYLU is a civilian university that specialises in defence research. The university's primary areas of defence research are armament science, information and communications engineering, control science, materials science and mechanical engineering. Apart from Xi'an Technological University, SYLU is the only Chinese civilian university supervised by state-owned arms manufacturers Norinco Group and China South Industries Group. In 2016, it also came under the supervision of defence industry agency SASTIND.SYLU is a member of the B8 Cooperation Innovation Alliance (B8协同创新联盟 or 中国兵器协同创新联盟), a group of eight Chinese research institutions that specialize in armament science—the ‘B' in ‘B8' stands for the Chinese word for armaments, bingqi (兵器). The university runs a weapons museum on its campus. Furthermore, SYLU is a member of the Liaoning Military-Civil Fusion Arms Industry-College Alliance (辽宁军民融合（兵工）产业校企联盟) and SYLU's president doubles as chairman of the alliance. This indicates close ties between SYLU and China's arms industry.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Liaoning, Shenyang, Hunnan, 南屏中路6号", + "alias": [ + "沈阳理工大学", + "SYLU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "41.72685501421337", + "long": "123.49119901657104", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shenyang-ligong-university" + ], + "risk": "Shenyang Ligong University (SYLU) is designated very high risk for its close relationship with Chinese weapons manufacturers and deep involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Liaoning Provincial Government", + "China North Industries Group (Norinco Group)", + "China South Industries Group (CSGC)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "5bd8f1c7-102d-4f1e-b546-c9562396f242", + "value": "Shenyang Ligong University (沈阳理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SZU is the primary university in China's rapidly growing technology hub, Shenzhen. The university does not appear to engage in high levels of defence research outside of its national defence laboratory on automatic target recognition. The laboratory was founded in 2001, is overseen by the PLA and SASTIND, and is headed by the university's former president.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "China, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Nanshan, 南海大道2336号", + "alias": [ + "深圳大学", + "SZU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "22.53298985731107", + "long": "113.9328653030758", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shenzhen-university" + ], + "risk": "Shenzhen University (SZU) is designated medium risk for hosting a major defence laboratory.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Shenzhen Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "e75d76dc-f092-4986-8f71-96e7ed6b935a", + "value": "Shenzhen University (深圳大学)" + }, + { + "description": "STDU specializes in transportation science, engineering and information technology. Its predecessor was the PLA Railway Engineering College.Since 2013, STDU has also been supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND through an arrangement designed to expand the university's involvement in defense-related research and training.  STDU has secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defense technology research.STDU is home to the National Defense Transportation Research Institute (国防交通研究所), which is the only civilian university research institute that specializes in national defense transportation research. STDU is also home to the Institute of Complex Networks and Visualisations (复杂网络与可视化研究所), which develops military-use information processing software including remote-control systems for aerospace applications.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "17 North 2nd Ring Road East, Chang'an, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China", + "alias": [ + "石家庄铁道大学", + "STDU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "38.08211099999999", + "long": "114.51020900000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/shijiazhuang-tiedao-university" + ], + "risk": "Shijiazhuang Tiedao University (STDU) is designated low risk for its low level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hebei Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "National Railway Administration" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Traffic and transportation engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "1e1f9185-7f3f-42d8-b5a7-525a435bbed0", + "value": "Shijiazhuang Tiedao University (石家庄铁道大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Sichuan University (SCU) is a leading Chinese university subordinate to the Ministry of Education. In 2011 and again in 2016 SCU was the subject of joint construction agreements between the MOE and defence industry agency SASTIND designed to increase its involvement in defence research.The university hosts at least three laboratories that focus on defence research and has a close relationship with the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), the PRC's primary nuclear warheads research facility. SCU's Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and CAEP jointly established the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Engineering and the Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics. In 2012, SCU was added to the US BIS Entity List as an alias of CAEP, implying that it acts as a proxy for the facility.A 2011 study by American think tank Project 2049 concluded that a PLA signals intelligence unit ‘likely maintain a close, mutually supportive relationship with related organizations in Chengdu, such as Sichuan University's Information Security and Network Attack and Defense Laboratory (四川大学信息安全及网络攻防研究室).'", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Sichuan University, Shuncheng Street, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China", + "alias": [ + "四川大学", + "SCU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "30.663964", + "long": "104.07102199999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/sichuan-university" + ], + "risk": "Sichuan university is designated very high risk for its relationship to China's nuclear weapons program, suspected links to cyber espionage, and moderate number of defence laboratories.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Sichuan Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Chengdu Municipal Government" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Materials science and technology", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Nuclear weapons", + "Physics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "4b598190-dfd0-4659-a182-88288a502289", + "value": "Sichuan University (四川大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Soochow University has been jointly supervised by the Jiangsu Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND since 2016. This arrangement is designed to expand the university's involvement in defense-related research and training.The university has five designated defence disciplines, centred around research on radiation. In particular, its School of Radiation Medicine and Protection has strong defence links, as it has become a major teaching and research base for the nuclear industry.Suzhou University is also involved in promoting military-civil fusion. The university cooperated with Changfeng Science Technology Industry Group (a subsidiary of missile manufacturer CASC) and Suzhou Xinkuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. to jointly establish the ‘Suzhou University Military-Civil Fusion Internet of Things Collaborative Innovation Center.'", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "333 Ganjiang E Rd, Gusu Qu, Suzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 215004", + "alias": [ + "苏州大学", + "Suzhou University" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.30110141104536", + "long": "120.64185159755323", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/soochow-university" + ], + "risk": "Soochow University is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Jiangsu Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Electrical engineering", + "Medicine", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "a20a0697-8592-4cac-9776-9d7c8a218f8e", + "value": "Soochow University (苏州大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SCUT is subordinate to the Ministry of Education and in 2018 was placed under a joint-construction agreement between the MOE and SASTIND. This arrangement is designed to develop the university's involvement in defence-related research and training. SCUT also holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in research and production for classified weapons and defence technology projects. As a result of the university's placement under joint construction and its secret-level security credentials, SCUT's involvement in defence research is likely to grow in coming years.Since 2008, the university has hosted a defence research laboratory on materials science. The lab was initially run by the university's president. In 2017, the university joined the Guangzhou Civil-Military Integration Industry Coalition. More recently in 2019, SCUT and iFlytek established an artificial intelligence company, Guangzhou Huanan Naokong Zhineng Keji Gongsi (广州华南脑控智能科技公司).", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China", + "alias": [ + "华南理工大学", + "SCUT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "23.151326", + "long": "113.34468300000003", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/south-china-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "South China University of Technology (SCUT) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research and relationship with defence industry agency SASTIND.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Guangzhou Huanan Naokong Zhineng Keji Gongsi (广州华南脑控智能科技公司)", + "SCUT Capital Management Co., Ltd. (广州华南理工大学资产经营有限公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "State Oceanic Administration" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "4630e204-1ee1-43d4-ba83-a12202d5a880", + "value": "South China University of Technology (华南理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SEU is a leading Chinese university that engages in high levels of defence research. In 2015, the university undertook RMB180m (AUD37m) of defence research projects, placing it among the Ministry of Education universities most involved in defence research. That figure has almost certainly grown since 2016, when SEU came under a ‘joint construction' agreement between the Ministry of Education and defence industry agency SASTIND. The university has secret security credentials, enabling it to participate in secret defence projects.The university has also been linked to cyberespionage. Researchers at its School of Cyber Science and Engineering (网络空间安全学院) have been funded by the MSS, China's civilian intelligence agency. The School of Cyber Science and Engineering has close ties to TopSec, a Chinese information security company that trains, recruits and works with PLA cyber security officers.SEU states that its defence research relies on its excellence in electronics. It has at least two laboratories that specialise in defence research on navigation technology and underwater acoustics. Both laboratories may be involved in developing technology for underwater warfare. Representatives from the PLA Navy's Submarine Academy visited SEU in 2017.SEU has also built relationships with state-owned defence conglomerates. In 2017, the university signed a strategic cooperation agreement with missile-manufacturer China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation. In 2018 and 2019, it signed similar agreements with subsidiaries of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, China's leading manufacturer of military electronics.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Southeast University, Xuanwu, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China", + "alias": [ + "东南大学", + "SEU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "32.0469906", + "long": "118.79932329999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/southeast-university" + ], + "risk": "Southeast University (SEU) is designated high risk for its relatively high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "c8b236af-b4f4-4838-b2f2-11cb6c762e73", + "value": "Southeast University (东南大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SWUST is deeply engaged in defence research and is based in Mianyang, a city also home to China's nuclear weapons program and many other parts of the defence industry. Since 2006, the university has been subject to several joint construction agreements between the Sichuan Provincial Government and SASTIND that are designed to increase its involvement in defence research.SWUST carries out defence-related research on nuclear waste, radiation protection and electronic information engineering. It holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to undertake classified defence technology and weapons projects. The university's main defence laboratory carries out research on topics such as the use of microorganisms to clean nuclear waste.SWUST has worked closely with the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (China's nuclear warheads program), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (a PLA base specialising in aircraft design), and defence conglomerates since its establishment. The fact that the university hosts the province's ‘Civil-military Integration Institute' is a testament to its integration with the military and defence industry.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "59 Qinglong Ave Middle Section, Fucheng Qu, Mianyang Shi, Sichuan Sheng, China, 621002", + "alias": [ + "西南科技大学", + "SWUST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.534749320900204", + "long": "104.70574119962725", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/southwest-university-of-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "Southwest University of Science and Technology (SWUST) is designated high risk for its links to China's nuclear weapons program and high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Sichuan Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Nuclear science and technology", + "Nuclear weapons" + ] + }, + "uuid": "964da4a8-af2f-4ee4-b7da-6656c157f60d", + "value": "Southwest University of Science and Technology (西南科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SEU was established in June 2017 as an expansion of the former PLA Equipment Academy (装备学院). SEU describes itself as a ‘comprehensive university that trains talents for space command management and engineering.' It is intended to serve as the ‘cradle of the new PLA's space talent training.' The SEU is subordinate to and supports the PLA Strategic Support Force's Space Systems Department (航天系统部), which has taken over the space and potentially counterspace capabilities that were previously the purview of the former General Armaments Department and, to a lesser degree, the former General Staff Department.The SEU offers degree programs at the undergraduate, master's, and doctoral levels, as well as programs for non-commissioned officers, across disciplines including space target surveillance, remote sensing science and technology, and aerospace information security. Its faculty include nine CMC Science and Technology Commission experts and twenty professors who are designated as expert defence science and technology advisors.Beyond its mission of talent cultivation, the SEU also engages in extensive research. In particular, the SEU has a total of eighteen laboratories, which include two national-level key laboratories and one military-level key laboratory.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学", + "PLA Equipment Academy", + "Aerospace Engineering University", + "A/SEU", + "PLA Equipment Command and Technology Academy" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/space-engineering-university" + ], + "risk": "The PLA Strategy Support Force's Space Engineering University (SEU) is designated very high risk as a military institution involved in space research.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Graduate Academy", + "Space Command Academy", + "Space Technology Academy", + "Space Information Academy", + "Space Service Academy", + "Space Non-Commissioned Officer School", + "Basic Teaching Department" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "PLA Strategic Support Force" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "aa330eeb-2fd9-4578-bd87-bd7b6a0bcf04", + "value": "Space Engineering University (中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学)" + }, + { + "description": "SPA is made up of departments for training, political work and logistics. As such, SPA engages in little defence research and focusses its activities on training special operations paramilitary troops in command processes.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "中国北京市昌平区小汤山镇白马路甲1号", + "alias": [ + "中国武装警察部队特种警察学院", + "SPA", + "Special Police of China", + "PAP Special Police Academy", + "People's Armed Police Special Police Academy", + "SPC" + ], + "category": [ + "Military" + ], + "lat": "40.1861324", + "long": "116.48402929999997", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/special-police-academy" + ], + "risk": "The Special Police Academy (SPA) is designated very high risk due to its role training special operations and counter-terrorism personnel from China's paramilitary service. https://web.archive.org/web/20190904051243/http://www.81.cn/jwzl/2017-06/08/content_7748187.htm", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "People's Armed Police (PAP)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "ddab09a8-4fbb-4bed-8061-e4a369b22317", + "value": "Special Police Academy (中国武装警察部队特种警察学院)" + }, + { + "description": "SYSU is a leading Chinese university subordinate to the Ministry of Education. In 2018, it come under the joint supervision of MOE and defence industry agency SASTIND. This development indicates that SYSU's involvement in the defence industry and defence research is growing.The university has a large defence research budget. In 2018, it spent nearly RMB200 million (AUD41 million) on defence research out of its total research budget of RMB3.1 billion (AUD640 million).SYSU is linked to the Chinese military through its National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou (国家超级计算广州中心), which was placed on the US Government Entity List in 2015 for its role in nuclear weapons development. The centre was jointly established with the PLA National University of Defense Technology in 2011 to host the Tianhe-2 supercomputer. The supercomputer is operated by the National University of Defense Technology and was the world's fastest from 2013 to 2015.Aside from the supercomputer center, SYSU's Key Laboratory of Information Science is the only known lab focused on defence research and is located within the School of Electronics and Information Technology.In 2010, the university established a State Secrets Academy (国家保密学院), serving as the third university in China to establish such an institute in partnership with China's National Administration of State Secrets Protection (国家保密局). The Institute carries out research and training on the protection of state secrets.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "中山大学", + "SYSU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/sun-yat-sen-university" + ], + "risk": "Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) is designated high risk for its high level of defence research and involvement in the development of nuclear weapons through the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Nuclear weapons" + ] + }, + "uuid": "bda795b3-6546-481f-be95-d6744434a3e0", + "value": "Sun Yat-sen University (中山大学)" + }, + { + "description": "TJPU is known for its research in the field of textile science and engineering. It is jointly supervised by the Ministry of Education and the city of Tianjin. In 2018, defence industry agency SASTIND and the Tianjin Municipal Government signed an agreement to jointly support TJPU. The purpose of the agreement is to support the university's development of defence disciplines, construction of defence laboratories, and training of defence scientists. Through this arrangement, SASTIND involves universities in military research projects and supports collaboration between universities and the defence industry. The university also holds secret-level security credentials that allow it to participate in classified defence technology projects.Tianjin Polytechnic University hosts one state key lab and two MOE key labs. One of the MOE key labs and the state key lab are located within the School of Material Science and Engineering. Additionally, TJPU's School of Textile Science and Engineering has conducted R&D that has been applied to industries in aerospace, defense, transportation, civil engineering, among others. The School of Textile Science and Engineering has reportedly become a backbone of research and innovation for China's textile industry.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "399 Binshui West Road Extended Line, Xiqing, Tianjin, China", + "alias": [ + "天津工业大学", + "TJPU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.06460000000001", + "long": "117.11299400000007", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/tianjin-polytechnic-university" + ], + "risk": "Tianjin Polytechnic University (TJPU) is designated medium risk as it is authorised to conduct defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Tianjin Municipal Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "a0c62018-4344-4f0c-afdc-b454cebbfa63", + "value": "Tianjin Polytechnic University (天津工业大学)" + }, + { + "description": "TJU is under the administration of the Ministry of Education and has also been supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND since 2012. The university has second-class security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified research projects at the level of ‘secret'. It hosts two defence laboratories, working on optoelectronics and propellants.In 2015, A professor at Tianjin University was arrested by U.S. federal agents and accused of economic espionage and technology theft. He had been a professor in the School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, which is home to one of the MOE labs involved in defense research. TJU is also a member of several international engineering alliances and has one National Defense Technology Innovation Team.TJU carries out research for the Ministry of State Security (MSS), China's civilian intelligence agency. It has hosted at least one MSS researcher and its scientists have been awarded for their work for the MSS on communication and information engineering.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "92 Weijin Rd, Nankai Qu, Tianjin Shi, China, 300010", + "alias": [ + "天津大学", + "TJU", + "" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.11368035804937", + "long": "117.169653635582", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/tianjin-university" + ], + "risk": "Tianjin University (TJU) is designated high risk for its involvement in defence research and links to an espionage case.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Chemistry", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "dcc3fc72-045a-4361-87a3-f8a569fbba6f", + "value": "Tianjin University (天津大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Tongji University recognized for its work in architecture, civil engineering, marine geology, and transportation engineering. The university established the only state key laboratory of deep-sea geology, which plays an important role in China's deep-sea observation and serves as a significant platform for the country's marine strategy.The university's involvement in marine research likely stems from its joint construction with the State Oceanic Administration (SOA). In 2010, the Ministry of Education and the State Oceanic Administration signed to jointly establish 17 universities, a collaboration aimed at enhancing the ability to cultivate marine talents in universities, develop marine science and technology, and make contributions to the development of China's marine industry.Tongji University has secret-level security credentials and is home to one Ministry of Education laboratory dedicated to defense research. In April 2019, the university was placed on the U.S. Unverified List, which places restrictions on US exports to the university. Entities are added the Unverified List if the US Government is unable to satisfactorily carry out end-user checks on them to ensure compliance with export licenses.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "1239 Siping Road, Hongkou, Shanghai, China", + "alias": [ + "同济大学", + "" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.27607029999999", + "long": "121.50270049999995", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/tongji-university" + ], + "risk": "Tongji University is designated medium risk for its inclusion on the US government's Unverified List and involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Shanghai Municipal Government", + "State Oceanic Administration" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "0e8a422e-35ee-4c69-ba6a-96ec0514a69b", + "value": "Tongji University (同济大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Tsinghua University is considered China's leading university in science and technology. Often characterized as ‘China's MIT,' Tsinghua is highly ranked globally, while also being the alma mater of numerous Chinese leaders, including Xi Jinping. Tsinghua has been included in numerous Chinese educational initiatives, including acting as a Class A institution in the Double First-Class University Plan and with membership in China's C9 League. As of spring 2018, Tsinghua University had 390 research institutions operating across a range of fields.Tsinghua engages in a range of military research and was awarded secret-level security credentials for classified research in 2007. In advancing military-civil fusion, Tsinghua also continues its ‘fine tradition' of serving China's national security and defense, actively creating new platforms and initiatives to support this strategy. Not only its dedicated defence laboratories but also a range of key laboratories and research institutions at the university have received funding from the military. Since at least 2012, Tsinghua has also been jointly supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND as part of a program to deepen its defence research and links to the defence sector.Tsinghua's defence research covers areas such as artificial intelligence, air-to-air missiles, navigation technology, instrument science and materials science.The university trains students for China's nuclear weapons program, military and defence industry. In 2014 it signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)—China's nuclear weapons program.  In 2016, CAEP's Materials Institute and Tsinghua established a joint postgraduate training base for teaching, research collaboration and equipment sharing.Approximately 200 postgraduate students at Tsinghua are sponsored by CAEP or defence industry conglomerates each year through the Chinese government's National Defence Science and Technology Scholarship program. Scholarship recipients are required to work for their sponsoring organisation for five years after graduating. Roughly 2000 of the scholarships are awarded each year, indicating that Tsinghua students are among the primary recipients of them. Documents published by Tsinghua indicate that CAEP planned to sponsor 40 PhD students to study nuclear technology in 2013. CAEP continues to sponsor Tsinghua postgraduates. In 2004, Tsinghua agreed to supervise doctoral students from the PLA's Second Artillery Engineering University, now known as the Rocket Force University of Engineering.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "30 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian, Beijing, China", + "alias": [ + "清华大学", + "Qinghua University", + "THU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "40.00864259999999", + "long": "116.34209910000004", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/tsinghua-university" + ], + "risk": "Tsinghua University is designated very high risk for its high level of defence research and alleged involvement in cyber attacks.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Artificial intelligence", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Instrument science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Nuclear weapons", + "Physics" + ] + }, + "uuid": "59937638-7409-4c82-8bef-ceeaaf6b7ba8", + "value": "Tsinghua University (清华大学)" + }, + { + "description": "UESTC was established in 1961 as one of China's first defence industry universities. It is now subordinate to the Ministry of Education (MOE) and is also jointly supervised by defence industry agencies MIIT and SASTIND, as well as the Chinese military's leading electronics manufacturer, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC).The university is one of China's leading universities for defence electronics research. It claims to rank among the top MOE universities in terms of the scale of its defence research. Between 2011 and 2015, its annual spending on defence research grew by 210% to RMB400 million (AUD80 million) and may account for as much as 32% of its overall research spending. 16.43% of UESTC graduates in 2017 who found employment were working in the defence sector. UESTC gained secret-level security credentials about a decade ago, probably in 2006, making it one of the first MOE universities to hold them.UESTC research has been used by state-owned manufacturers of military aircraft, missiles, and military electronics and the PLA Navy on projects such as the JF-17 fighter and the Navy's aircraft carrier program.UESTC's defence research covers areas including electronics, microwaves, terahertz technology, anti-jamming technology and signal processing, communication systems, military-use critical materials, optoelectric imaging. Between 2001 and 2005, UESTC undertook over 900 military electronics projects worth in excess of RMB500 million (AUD104 million).UESTC's research on artificial intelligence has attracted scrutiny for its human rights implications. In 2015, a professor recruited by UESTC through the Thousand Talents Plan established a company called Koala AI. The company produces artificial intelligence surveillance systems that are used in Xinjiang, where an estimated 1.5 million Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities have disappeared into concentration camps.UESTC has close relationships with the Chinese defence industry. The university operates a national laboratory on high-power radiation with the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, the PRC's primary nuclear warhead research complex. CETC, a state-owned defence conglomerate, partnered jointly with the MOE to developUESTC's capabilities. Under the arrangement, UESTC agreed to expand its collaboration with CETC, help train CETC personnel and send its best students to work at CETC. Defence industry agency SASTIND also signed agreements to supervise UESTC in 2008 and 2016.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "电子科技大学", + "UESTC", + "成都电子科技大学" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/university-of-electronic-science-and-technology-of-china" + ], + "risk": "The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) is designated very high risk for its very high level of defence research, links to potential human rights abuses, inclusion on the US Government Entity List, and relationship with China's defence industry and nuclear weapons program.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Sichuan Dongsheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. (四川东盛电子科技有限公司)", + "Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering in Dongguan (电子科技大学广东电子信息工程研究院)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Cyber", + "Electrical engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Nuclear weapons", + "Optical engineering", + "Stealth technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "75e67632-3f3c-41dd-8168-a04a5b969da7", + "value": "University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (电子科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "UIR claims was established in 1949 under the direction of then Premier Zhou Enlai. In 1964 it was designated as a ‘national key university', and this appears to be the evidence it uses to claim it is a Ministry of Education university. However, the university does not appear on the Ministry of Education's list of subordinate universities.Individuals formerly and presently affiliated with the university have also held affiliations with the MSS or the MSS-linked think tank the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (中国现代国际关系研究院). They include Geng Huichang (耿惠昌), a former Minister of State Security (2007-2016) and vice minister of State Security (1998-2007). Prior to this he was the head of  China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations from 1992 to 1998. From 1990 to 1992, he was the director of UIR's American Research Department and from 1985-1990 he was deputy director of the American Research department.  Notably, current UIR President Tao Jian is also a former CICIR vice-president and a UIR graduate.UIR gives the MSS a way to work with foreign universities and academics to shape and learn about perceptions of the PRC's views on security. It also provides a platform for the MSS to identify talent, recruit officers and collect intelligence.The university's Hangzhou campus, also known as the Zhejiang Second People's Police School, may carry out more practical training of MSS officers and has been described on a local government website as ‘specialising in training special talent'. Some graduates of the Hangzhou campus have moved straight into MSS positions. The Hangzhou campus works closely with Zhejiang University on teaching and research.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "国际关系学院", + "UIR", + "Institute of International Politics" + ], + "category": [ + "Security" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/university-of-international-relations" + ], + "risk": "The Beijing-based University of International Relations (UIR) is designated very high risk for its affiliation with the MSS, China's civilian intelligence agency.http://archive.fo/3HRE4#selection-403.4-403.147", + "subsidiary": [ + "University of International Relations Hangzhou Campus, also known as the Zhejiang Second People's Police School (浙江第二人民警察学校)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of State Security (MSS)" + ], + "topics": [] + }, + "uuid": "c4e8b1da-e1ef-49d5-88d0-96ad1b5b042f", + "value": "University of International Relations (国际关系学院)" + }, + { + "description": "USTC is a leading university subordinate to the MOE. The university engages in high levels of defence research and claims be among the top MOE universities for defence spending. Since 2018, it has been under a joint-construction agreement between the MOE and defence industry agency SASTIND that is designed to expand its involvement in defence research.USTB is known as the ‘cradle of steel' for its training and research on metallurgy. The university's defence research appears to focus on metallurgy and materials science. It hosts at least three laboratories dedicated to defence research, including two that are jointly run with state-owned defence conglomerates. The head of USTB's Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology also heads a SASTIND-supported defence science and technology innovation team.The university holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it participate in research and production for classified weapons and defence technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing, China", + "alias": [ + "北京科技大学", + "USTB" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.98945800000001", + "long": "116.356945", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/university-of-science-and-technology-beijing" + ], + "risk": "University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) is designated high risk for its close relationship to the defence industry and high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [ + "USTB Foshan Research Institute (北京科技大学佛山研究院)", + "USTB Guangdong Research Institute (北京科技大学广东研究院)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology", + "Metallurgical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "b08098aa-b667-4d50-bb37-4c5ddef56e32", + "value": "University of Science and Technology Beijing (北京科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The University of Science and Technology of China is among China's most prestigious universities in science and technology. Uniquely, it was established and is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, intended to serve national objectives in science and technology. Xi Jinping personally inspected USTC in 2016, urging it to pursue “even more outstanding achievements in teaching and innovation.” It is a member of the C9 League and in the “211 Project” and “985 Project.” While providing undergraduate and graduate-level education, USTC is also highly active in research across a number of major laboratories, including several that support research that is related to national defense and the development of dual-use technologies, such as brain-inspired approaches to artificial intelligence and quantum information science. USTC has a long history of contributions to science in the service of the state, and it has recently sought to deepen its contributions to military research, including through establishing a new center for military-civil fusion. Several USTC professors, including prominently Pan Jianwei, have partnered with the defense industry to pursue military applications of their technologies.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Zhong Guo Ke Xue Ji Shu Da Xue Nan Xiao Qu Yu Shi, Baohe Qu, Hefei Shi, Anhui Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "中国科学技术大学", + "中国科技大学", + "USTC" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.822002092965203", + "long": "117.28058695793152", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/university-of-science-and-technology-of-china" + ], + "risk": "The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is designated medium risk for its defence research and unique links to the state through the Chinese Academy of Sciences.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Chinese Academy of Sciences" + ], + "topics": [ + "Cryptography", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Quantum" + ] + }, + "uuid": "c47845c7-09b0-41f5-90ba-6327c753f950", + "value": "University of Science and Technology of China (中国科学技术大学)" + }, + { + "description": "USST describes itself as a ‘university with defence characteristics'. It has been under the joint supervision of Shanghai and defence industry agency SASTIND since 2016.It is engaged in growing levels of defence research and holds second-class weapons research and development secrecy credentials, allowing it to undertake classified projects. In 2017, its spending on defence research reached RMB13 million (AUD2.6 million).SASTIND has designated areas with the fields of optics, energy and control science as defence disciplines at USST, indicating that the university's defence research focuses on these areas.In 2017, The university established a joint venture on terahertz radiation technology with subsidiaries of defence conglomerate Norinco Group.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu Qu, Shanghai Shi, China", + "alias": [ + "上海理工大学", + "USST" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "31.290366968056915", + "long": "121.55174242327882", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/university-of-shanghai-for-science-and-technology" + ], + "risk": "The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST) is designated medium risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Shanghai Municipal Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "3b83a4d0-8edf-4836-b310-ddf4ce169f22", + "value": "University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (上海理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "USC specialises in nuclear engineering. It has a well-developed defence research program and has been the subject of several joint-construction agreements between the Hunan Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND since 2002. These agreements are designed to ‘support USC in going a step further to display its defence characteristics based on the development needs of the defence technology industry.' USC is also supervised by China National Nuclear Corporation, a state-owned defence nuclear engineering conglomerate.USC carries out large amounts of defence research related to nuclear engineering, as well as work on information technology, communications engineering, control engineering and electrical engineering. The university received secret level security credentials in 2008, allowing it to work on classified defence projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "28 Chang Sheng Xi Lu, Zhengxiang Qu, Hengyang Shi, Hunan Sheng, China, 421217", + "alias": [ + "南华大学", + "USC" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "26.898859255920506", + "long": "112.59098028836058", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/university-of-south-china" + ], + "risk": "The University of South China (USC) is designated high risk for its high level of defence research and close links to China's nuclear industry.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hunan Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Mining engineering", + "Nuclear science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d20307f4-b41e-4157-b01d-bd46270d4c1d", + "value": "University of South China (南华大学)" + }, + { + "description": "WHU is a leading Chinese university subordinate to the Ministry of Education. The university has close ties to the military and has been subject to a joint-supervision agreement between the Ministry of Education and defence industry agency SASTIND since 2016, an arrangement designed to increase its involvement in defence research. In 2015, WHU planned to spend RMB200 million (AUD42 million) on defence research for the year and described itself as ‘a university with a strong reputation in the defence science and technology field'.WHU carries out defence research in a wide range of fields, including navigation, computer simulation, electronic information, electromagnetics, aerospace remote sensing, materials science, cyber security and explosions. The university is an important site of research for China's Beidou satellite navigation system.Aside from being involved in defence research, there are strong indications that WHU has carried out cyber attacks for the People's Liberation Army. One of the university's two defence laboratories purportedly established by the Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, has been accused by unnamed US and Taiwanese officials of carrying out cyberattacks.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, China", + "alias": [ + "武汉大学", + "WHU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "30.5360485", + "long": "114.36432190000005", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/wuhan-university" + ], + "risk": "Wuhan University (WHU) is designated very high risk for its alleged involvement in cyber espionage and high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanics", + "Surveying and mapping" + ] + }, + "uuid": "5281de5a-dd7c-4cb9-ba14-f57899899412", + "value": "Wuhan University (武汉大学)" + }, + { + "description": "WHUT is subordinate to the Ministry of Education. The university originally specialised in research relating to construction, transport and automobiles. It engages in high levels of defence research and has been under a ‘joint-construction' agreement between the Ministry of Education and defence industry agency SASTIND since 2016. It holds secret-level security credentials.The university hosts two Ministry of Education laboratories dedicated to defence research on materials science and ship technology. WHUT also works closely with the PLA Air Force on defensive engineering such as the construction of aircraft bunkers and underground shelters. Since 2001, WHUT and the Guangdong Military Region Air Force Engineering and Construction Bureau have run a joint research institute, which ‘takes advantage of [WHUT's] State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing'. ‘In 2012, the PLA Air Force Logistics Department and WHUT held a signing ceremony inaugurating the “Air Force-level Military-Civil Fusion Air Defence Engineering Construction Technology Innovation Platform Cooperation Agreement” (空军级军民融合式空防工程建设科技创新平台合作协议)'. The same department in cooperation with WHUT also jointly established the Air Force Air Defence Engineering Construction Technology Innovation Platform (空军级空防工程建设科技创新平台), with ‘the goal of innovating mutually beneficial technologies.'", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "武汉理工大学", + "WHUT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/wuhan-university-of-technology" + ], + "risk": "Wuhan University of Technology (WHUT) is designated high risk for its high level of defence research.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Wuhan University of Technology Ship Co., Ltd (武汉理工船舶股份有限公司)", + "Qingdao Research Institute (武汉理工大学青岛研究院)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Ministry of Transport" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Mechanics", + "Naval architecture and ocean engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "65b858dc-8ace-4f90-b6a9-7de65fd100b9", + "value": "Wuhan University of Technology (武汉理工大学)" + }, + { + "description": "XJTU is subordinate to the Ministry of Education. It is also supervised by SASTIND as part of a program to develop defense research capabilities within Chinese universities. The university describes its strategy as being ‘based in Shaanxi, geared toward the needs of the nation, and serving the national defense industry.'The university is advanced in its implementation of military-civil fusion and has established strategic partnerships with China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, and the Aero Engine Corporation of China. It holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Jiaoda Commerce Block, Beilin, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China", + "alias": [ + "西安交通大学", + "XJTU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "34.250803", + "long": "108.98369300000002", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/xian-jiaotong-university" + ], + "risk": "Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) is designated high risk for its moderately high number of defence laboratories and inclusion on the US Government's Unverified List.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU, 西交利物浦大学)", + "Xi'an Jiaotong University Holding Co., Ltd. (西安交通大学资产经营有限公司)" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Cyber", + "Electrical engineering", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "d1c0472b-993c-45e8-8637-5694816e4a26", + "value": "Xi'an Jiaotong University (西安交通大学)" + }, + { + "description": "XATU is a civilian university that primarily engages in defence research. XATU describes itself as ‘having distinct defence-industrial characteristics' and is heavily involved in weapons development. Since 2016, it has been subject to a ‘joint construction' agreement between the Shaanxi Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND designed to deepen its defence links.The university's main areas of defence research include photoelectric imaging technology, manufacturing technology, materials science, detection and measurement technology and weapons systems. It holds secret-level security credentials.XATU is a member of the B8 Cooperation Innovation Alliance (B8协同创新联盟 or 中国兵器协同创新联盟), a group of eight Chinese research institutions that specialize in weapons science—the ‘B' in ‘B8' stands for Chinese work for armaments, bingqi (兵器). Apart from Shenyang Ligong University, XATU is the only Chinese civilian university known to be supervised by state-owned arms manufacturers China North Industries Group (Norinco Group) and China South Industries Group.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "西安工业大学", + "XATU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/xian-technological-university" + ], + "risk": "Xi'an Technological University (XATU) is designated very high risk for its deep links to China's arms industry.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Shaanxi Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "China South Industries Group (CSGC)", + "China North Industries Group (Norinco Group)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Armament science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering", + "Optical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "4065cf29-b9dd-4d97-aaa9-67b633f62f5d", + "value": "Xi'an Technological University (西安工业大学)" + }, + { + "description": "XUPT is a leading Chinese university supervised by the Shaanxi Provincial Government and the Department of Information Technology. The university was established in 1959 as an institution focused on communications and information technology. XUPT retains a focus on these discipline to this day. XUPT's faculties include college focusing on artificial intelligence, automation, cyber security and electrical engineering.XUPT maintains close links to China's Ministry of Public Security (MPS). The university has signed agreements and established joint laboratories with the MPS's local counterparts.In November 2013, XUPT partnered with the Shaanxi Municipal Government's public security ministry to establish the MPS Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Application Technology for Scene Investigation (公安部电子信息现场勘验应用技术重点实验室). This was the first such joint laboratory that the MPS established with a university in any of China's five north-western provinces.XUPT partnered with Xi'an's Yanta District Public Security Bureau branch in November 2018, establishing the ‘Joint Laboratory for Smart Public Security Information Analysis and Applications' (公安信息智能分析及应用联合实验室). The joint laboratory develops applications of artificial intelligence for analysing criminal information.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "西安邮电大学", + "XUPT" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/xian-university-of-posts-and-telecommunications" + ], + "risk": "Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications (XUPT) is designated medium risk for its work with China's Ministry of Public Security.", + "subsidiary": [ + "Chang'an Campus", + "Yanta Campus" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Shaanxi Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Artificial intelligence", + "Information and communication engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "4fc5ecee-e4eb-45a7-9815-17e6076946b2", + "value": "Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications (西安邮电大学)" + }, + { + "description": "XMU is one of China's leading universities, but it does not appear to engage in high levels of defence research. However, in 2018 it came under a joint supevision agreement between the Ministry of Education, the Fujian Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND that indicates XMU will expand its involvement in defence research. The arrangement is designed to ‘upgrade the university's ability to innovate defence science and technology and actively integrate itself with the development of military-civil fusion.'In 2017, XMU allegedly conspired with Huawei to steal trade secrets from CNEX Labs Inc., an American semiconductor startup. CNEX claims that Huawei and XMU engaged in a multiyear conspiracy to steal the company's solid-state drive computer storage technology.The university appears to be involved in the development of military-use heavy-duty coatings. In 2017, XMU, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Liheng Paint Co. Ltd. (福建立恒涂料有限公司) and People's Liberation Army Unit 63983 jointly established the Haixi Liheng New Materials Research Institute (海西立恒新材料研究院). Fujian Liheng Paint specialises in heavy-duty coatings for warships and holds confidential-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "", + "alias": [ + "厦门大学", + "XMU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "", + "long": "", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/xiamen-university" + ], + "risk": "Xiamen University (XMU) is designated medium risk for its alleged involvement in trade secrets theft.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Fujian Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Materials science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2baff43c-973d-41a2-8f6f-2235d4343d89", + "value": "Xiamen University (厦门大学)" + }, + { + "description": "XTU is a university in Chairman Mao Zedong's hometown that has substantially expanded its participation in defence research in recent years. It has been subject to two ‘joint construction' agreements between the Hunan Provincial Government and defence industry agency SASTIND that are designed to help the university ‘draw out its national defence characteristics'. In the university's own words, its ‘military-civil fusion characteristics are becoming clearer with each day', and it increased its spending on military-related projects by 60% from 2017 to 2018, spending over RMB31 million (AUD6 million) in 2018.XTU's defence research covers areas including materials science, energy, measurement technology and electromagnetic waves. The university has developed partnerships with a major PLA nuclear technology research institution, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, and several defence companies, including subsidiaries of arms manufacturer Norinco Group and defence aviation conglomerate Aero Engine Corporation of China.XTU holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to participate in classified defence technology projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Bei Er Huan, Yuhu Qu, Xiangtan Shi, Hunan Sheng, China", + "alias": [ + "湘潭大学", + "XTU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "27.87749445317346", + "long": "112.86436633996163", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/xiangtan-university" + ], + "risk": "Xiangtan University (XTU) is designated high risk for its growing involvement in defence research.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hunan Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Electronics science and technology", + "Instrument science and technology", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "634f828d-358d-437d-87e4-77b8f010e60d", + "value": "Xiangtan University (湘潭大学)" + }, + { + "description": "Xidian Univeristy is among China's top universities for research on antennas, radar, electronic countermeasures and computer science. The university is subordinate to the Ministry of Education and is also jointly supervised by defence industry agency SASTIND and defence electronics conglomerate CETC. It claims it has ‘made important contributions to military modernisation'.The university is closely tied to China's defense industry and the PLA. It runs at least five defence laboratories and partners with the PLA's signals intelligence organization. Xidian appears to be an important training ground for Chinese military hackers. According to Xidian's party secretary, the university has had an ‘unbreakable bond with secret intelligence work since its beginning'. It also holds secret-level security credentials that allow it to work on classified weapons projects.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Xidian University, Hi-tech Shangquan, Yanta, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China", + "alias": [ + "西安电子科技大学", + "西电大学", + "Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "34.229571", + "long": "108.91721380000001", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/xidian-university" + ], + "risk": "Xidian University is designated very high risk for its high level of defence research and close relationship with China's defence industry and military.", + "subsidiary": [ + "西安电子科大金讯科技有限责任公司", + "西安中电科西电科大雷达技术协同创新研究院有限公司" + ], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "Shaanxi Provincial Government", + "Xi'an Municipal Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Electronics science and technology", + "Information and communication engineering", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "2e87ff2c-ee1a-4362-ae37-a0c3e8a1e7ac", + "value": "Xidian University (西安电子科技大学)" + }, + { + "description": "The university was formed as an offshoot of Harbin Institute of Technology, one of China's top defence universities, in 1960. The university continues to prioritise defence research and is jointly supervised by the Hebei Provincial Government together with the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and defence industry agency SASTIND.YSU's Defense Science and Technology Institute was established in 2006 under the support of COSTIND (a defence industry agency that has been replaced by SASTIND) to expand and oversee defence research at the university. The institute has driven the university's involvement in space-related defence research through the establishment of laboratories such as the Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science of Mechanical Structure and Materials Science Under Extreme Conditions. Four fields of research at YSU are officially designated as defence disciplines: control theory and control science, electrical circuits and systems, mechanical design and theory, and materials science and engineering.The university holds secret-level security credentials.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Yanshan University, Hebei Street West Section, Haigang, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China", + "alias": [ + "燕山大学", + "YSU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "39.90450800000001", + "long": "119.53971899999999", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/yanshan-university" + ], + "risk": "Yanshan University (YSU) is designated high risk for its high level of defence research and links to China's defence industry.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Hebei Provincial Government", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)", + "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Control science and engineering", + "Electrical engineering", + "Materials science and technology", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "102f0369-85a0-43dc-97c4-8acb465a047c", + "value": "Yanshan University (燕山大学)" + }, + { + "description": "YNNU is a Chinese university subordinate to the Yunnan Provincial Government. Since 2013 it has also been supervised by the Ministry of Education. The university has been focused on training teacher since its inception as the Kunming Teachers College (昆明示范学院) in 1950. YNNU now has a broader focus on a variety of humanities, social and natural science disciplines.YNNU is organised into numerous faculties, some of which are relevant for communist party cadre training:", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "云南省昆明市呈贡区雨花片区1号", + "alias": [ + "云南师范大学", + "云南师大", + "云师大", + "YNNU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "24.837435", + "long": "102.88006300000006", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/yunnan-normal-university" + ], + "risk": "Yunnan Normal University (YNNU) is designated medium risk for its research on ethnic minorities and ties to the government's ethnic affairs bureaucracy.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Yunnan Provincial Government", + "Ministry of Education (MOE)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Computer science and technology" + ] + }, + "uuid": "aa606d76-95b6-4bef-997a-41998da43ef0", + "value": "Yunnan Normal University (云南师范大学)" + }, + { + "description": "ZJU is subordinate to the Ministry of Education and jointly constructed with defence industry agency SASTIND. This arrangement with SASTIND began in 2016 and is designed to deepend the university's involvement in defence research. The university holds secret-level security credentials, allowing it to work on classified military projects.The university's total research funding amounts to RMB4.56 billion (AUD940 million) in 2018. It has at least three defence laboratories, with one source claiming that the university had ten key national laboratories (国家重点实验室) as of 2015. These laboratories are involved in research on computer simulations, high-performance computing and control science. The university also carries out cyber security research and receives funding for this work from the MSS, China's civilian intelligence agency.ZJU cooperates extensively with international universities and companies, with upwards of 40 international joint S&T research labs. The College of Electrical Engineering has joint labs with U.S. companies in key industries, such as Rockwell Automation in the field of information technology, and the National Semiconductor Corporation. Additionally, the university has a joint research lab with U.S company Microsoft.", + "meta": { + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + "address": "Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road, Xihu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China", + "alias": [ + "浙江大学", + "ZJU" + ], + "category": [ + "Civilian" + ], + "lat": "30.30868439999999", + "long": "120.08649949999995", + "refs": [ + "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/zhejiang-university" + ], + "risk": "Zhejiang University (ZJU) is designated high risk for its moderately high number of defence laboratories, relationship with defence industry, and links to economic and cyber espionage.", + "subsidiary": [], + "supervising agency": [ + "Ministry of Education (MOE)", + "State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND)" + ], + "topics": [ + "Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology", + "Computer science and technology", + "Control science and engineering", + "Cyber", + "Mechanical engineering" + ] + }, + "uuid": "b56b7cc8-0fe4-4edb-b465-94075c2e6aa7", + "value": "Zhejiang University (浙江大学)" + } + ], + "version": 1 +} diff --git a/galaxies/china-defence-universities.json b/galaxies/china-defence-universities.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41a0049 --- /dev/null +++ b/galaxies/china-defence-universities.json @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +{ + "description": "China Defence Universities", + "icon": "globe", + "name": "China Defence Universities", + "namespace": "misp", + "type": "china-defence-universities", + "uuid": "c51c59e9-f213-4ad4-9913-09a43d78dff5", + "version": 1 +} diff --git a/tools/gen_defence_university.py b/tools/gen_defence_university.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bbd506 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/gen_defence_university.py @@ -0,0 +1,284 @@ +#!/usr/bin/python3 +import requests +import json +from bs4 import BeautifulSoup +import bs4 +import uuid + +# This tool is part of the MISP core project and released under the GNU Affero +# General Public License v3.0 +# +# Copyright (C) 2020 Cormac Doherty +# Copyright (C) 2020 Roger Johnston +# +# +# version 0.1 - initial +# version 0.2 - fixed typo ( _curRef NOT curRef) + +def _buildArticleSection(nxtSibling): + _sectionParagraphs = [] + _nxtsib = nxtSibling + + # Headings and their content are at the same hierarchical + # level in the html - just a sequence. This loop is bounded on + # the next element being a

+ while ((_nxtsib is not None) and (_nxtsib.name == 'p')): + # Almost every sentence, if not clause, in parapgraph + # text is referenced/cited/footnoted. + # + # The following iterates through the sequence of 'tokens' + # in the current

, building 'statements' composed of a + # statement and a reference. + # + # so-called "clauses" and "references" are accumulated over + # loop iterations i.e. a clause is appended to previous clauses + # if a reference has yet to be accumulated. (implicitly - + # references come after statements.) + # + # Once a 'clause' AND a 'statement' are accumulated, an encapsulating + # 'statement' is appended to the section's list of paragraphs and + # are reset. + # + _curClause = None + _curRef = None + + for token in _nxtsib.contents: + # References (links) are interleved within text blocks as . + # The following control structure parses 'the next token' as + # - containing a link + # - disposable 'junk' if its phasised and contains "Last update" + # - as relevant paragraph text to be accumulated. + if (token.name == 'span'): + _anchors = token.find_all('a', recursive=True) + _anch = None + if (len(_anchors) != 0): + _anch = _anchors[0] + + if (_anch is not None): + _curRef = _anch['href'] + else: + _curRef = None + elif ((token.name != 'em') or (not ("Last updated" in token.text))): # ignore the "last updated footer + if (_curClause is not None): + if (isinstance(token, bs4.element.NavigableString)): + _curClause = _curClause + token + else: + _curClause = _curClause + token.text + else: + # anomalous html handling + # - and + # - (useless) tags + # appear in a few places + if ((token.name != 'strong') and + (token.name != 'em') and + (token.name != 'br') and + (token.name != 'sup') and + (token.name != 'a')): + _curClause = token # this quashes them + + # Once a 'clause' AND a 'statement' are accumulated, an encapsulating + # 'statement' is appended to the section's list of paragraphs and + # are reset. + if ((_curRef is not None) and (_curClause is not None)): + statement = {} + statement["clause"] = _curClause + statement["ref"] = _curRef + _sectionParagraphs.append(statement) + _curClause = None + _curRef = None + + # If a sequence of 'clauses' have been accumulated without finding a reference + # create a reference-LESS statement. + if ((_curClause is not None) and (not "Last updated" in _curClause)): + statement = {} + statement["clause"] = _curClause + _sectionParagraphs.append(statement) + + _nxtsib = _nxtsib.find_next_sibling() + + return _sectionParagraphs + + +def _buildListSection(listContent): + laboratories = [] + for lab in listContent.find_all('li', recursive="False"): + _lab = {} + _lab['name'] = lab.contents[0].replace(u'\xa0', '') + + ref = lab.find('a') + if (ref is not None): + _lab['ref'] = ref['href'] + else: + _lab['ref'] = None + + laboratories.append(_lab) + + return laboratories + + +def _fetchArticle(url): + response = requests.get(url) + soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html5lib') + _article = soup.body.find_all('article')[0] + + article = {} + article['url'] = url + article['name'] = _article.h1.text.replace('\n', '').strip() + article['_name'] = _article.h2.contents[0] + + _artbody = _article.find('div', {"class": "article__copy"}) + + # Risk Statement + article['risk statement'] = _artbody.find('p').text + + article['intro'] = _buildArticleSection(_artbody.find('p').find_next_sibling()) + + # Article body + sections = [] + + for _heading in _artbody.findChildren('h2'): + _nxtSibling = _heading.find_next_sibling() + + section = {} + section['title'] = _heading.text + if (_nxtSibling.name == 'ul'): + section['body'] = _buildListSection(_nxtSibling) + else: + section['body'] = _buildArticleSection(_nxtSibling) + sections.append(section) + + article['sections'] = sections + + # # Logo + # logo = _article.div[0].aside[0].find("div", {"class": "aside__logo"}) + + _panel = _article.find("div", {"class": "aside__groups cf"}) + _paneldivs = _panel.find_all('div') + + for _paneldiv in _panel.find_all('div'): + _title = _paneldiv.find('h3').text + _items = [] + for _item in _paneldiv.find_all('li'): + _anch = _item.find('a') + if (_anch is not None): + if ("Location" in _title): # locations + _loc = {} + _loc['name'] = _anch.contents[0].replace('\n', '').strip() + _loc['ref'] = _anch['href'] + _latlong = _anch['href'].split("=")[1] + _loc['lat'] = _latlong.split(",")[0] + _loc['long'] = _latlong.split(",")[1] + _items.append(_loc) + else: + _items.append(_anch.text) + else: + _items.append(_item.text.replace('\n', '').strip()) + article[_title.lower()] = _items + + return article + + +def _gen_galaxy(scrape): + base = { + "authors": [ + "Australian Strategic Policy Institute" + ], + "category": "academic-institution", + "description": "The China Defence Universities Tracker is a database of Chinese institutions engaged in military or security-related science and technology research. It was created by ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre.", + "name": "China Defence Universities Tracker", + "source": "ASPI International Cyber Policy Centre", + "type": "china-defence-universities", + "uuid": "d985d2eb-d6ad-4b44-9c69-44eb90095e23", + "values": [ + ], + "version": 1 + } + + for uni in scrape: + new_template = template = { + # university description + "description": "", + "meta": { + "supervising agency": [], + "subsidiary": [], + "category": [], + "topics": [], + # Defence labs + "Major Defence Laboratories": [], + # Defence labs + "alias": [], + "risk": "", + "address": "", + "lat": "", + "long": "", + # External link to ASPI + "refs": [] + }, + "uuid": "", + "value": "" + } + + new_template["uuid"] = str(uuid.uuid4()) + + new_template["meta"]["refs"].append(uni["url"]) + + for intro in uni["intro"]: + new_template["description"] += intro["clause"] + + new_template["value"] = uni["name"] + f" ({uni['_name']})" + + new_template["meta"]["risk"] = uni["risk statement"] + + for alias in uni["aliases"]: + new_template["meta"]["alias"].append(alias) + + for agency in uni["supervising agencies"]: + new_template["meta"]["supervising agency"].append(agency) + + if uni.get("subsidiaries"): + for subsidiary in uni["subsidiaries"]: + new_template["meta"]["subsidiary"].append(subsidiary) + + if uni.get("topics"): + for topic in uni["topics"]: + new_template["meta"]["topics"].append(topic) + + for category in uni["categories"]: + new_template["meta"]["category"].append(category) + + if uni.get("location"): + new_template["meta"]["address"] = uni["location"][0]["name"] + new_template["meta"]["lat"] = uni["location"][0]["lat"] + new_template["meta"]["long"] = uni["location"][0]["long"] + + base["values"].append(new_template) + + return base + + +def main(): + url = "https://unitracker.aspi.org.au" + response = requests.get(url) + + soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html5lib') + + table = soup.find_all('table')[0] # Grab the first table + head = None + articles = [] + for row in table.find_all('tr'): + if head is not None: + colOne = row.find_all('td')[0].find_all('a')[0]['href'] + article = _fetchArticle(url + colOne) + print("Processing: {}".format(url + colOne)) + articles.append(article) + else: + head = "bloop" + + galaxy = _gen_galaxy(articles) + + with open("china-defence-universities.json", "w") as g: + g.write(json.dumps(galaxy, indent=4, sort_keys=True)) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main()