{
  "authors": [
    "Various"
  ],
  "category": "actor",
  "description": "Activity groups as described by Microsoft",
  "name": "Microsoft Activity Group actor",
  "source": "MISP Project",
  "type": "microsoft-activity-group",
  "uuid": "28b5e55d-acba-4748-a79d-0afa3512689a",
  "values": [
    {
      "description": "PROMETHIUM is an activity group that has been active as early as 2012. The group primarily uses Truvasys, a first-stage malware that has been in circulation for several years. Truvasys has been involved in several attack campaigns, where it has masqueraded as one of server common computer utilities, including WinUtils, TrueCrypt, WinRAR, or SanDisk. In each of the campaigns, Truvasys malware evolved with additional features—this shows a close relationship between the activity groups behind the campaigns and the developers of the malware.",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/"
        ]
      },
      "related": [
        {
          "dest-uuid": "efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        },
        {
          "dest-uuid": "43894e2a-174e-4931-94a8-2296afe8f650",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        }
      ],
      "uuid": "5744f91a-d2d8-4f92-920f-943dd80c578f",
      "value": "PROMETHIUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "NEODYMIUM is an activity group that is known to use a backdoor malware detected by Microsoft as Wingbird. This backdoor’s characteristics closely match FinFisher, a government-grade commercial surveillance package. Data about Wingbird activity indicate that it is typically used to attack individual computers instead of networks.",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/"
        ]
      },
      "related": [
        {
          "dest-uuid": "025bdaa9-897d-4bad-afa6-013ba5734653",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        },
        {
          "dest-uuid": "ada08ea8-4517-4eea-aff1-3ad69e5466bb",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        }
      ],
      "uuid": "47b5007a-3fb1-466a-9578-629e6e735493",
      "value": "NEODYMIUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence identified similarities between this recent attack and previous 2012 attacks against tens of thousands of computers belonging to organizations in the energy sector. Microsoft Threat Intelligence refers to the activity group behind these attacks as TERBIUM, following our internal practice of assigning rogue actors chemical element names.",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/09/windows-10-protection-detection-and-response-against-recent-attacks/"
        ]
      },
      "related": [
        {
          "dest-uuid": "46670c51-fea4-45d6-bdd4-62e85a5c7404",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        }
      ],
      "uuid": "99784b80-6298-45ba-885c-0ed37bfd8324",
      "value": "TERBIUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "STRONTIUM has been active since at least 2007. Whereas most modern untargeted malware is ultimately profit-oriented, STRONTIUM mainly seeks sensitive information. Its primary institutional targets have included government bodies, diplomatic institutions, and military forces and installations in NATO member states and certain Eastern European countries. Additional targets have included journalists, political advisors, and organizations associated with political activism in central Asia. STRONTIUM is an activity group that usually targets government agencies, diplomatic institutions, and military organizations, as well as affiliated private sector organizations such as defense contractors and public policy research institutes. Microsoft has attributed more 0-day exploits to STRONTIUM than any other tracked group in 2016. STRONTIUM frequently uses compromised e-mail accounts from one victim to send malicious e-mails to a second victim and will persistently pursue specific targets for months until they are successful in compromising the victims’ computer. ",
      "meta": {
        "country": "RU",
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/11/01/our-commitment-to-our-customers-security/",
          "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_A_Profile_Of_A_Persistent_Adversary_English.pdf",
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2015/11/16/microsoft-security-intelligence-report-strontium/",
          "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2018/08/20/we-are-taking-new-steps-against-broadening-threats-to-democracy/",
          "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/microsoft-disrupts-apt28-hacking-campaign-aimed-at-us-midterm-elections/"
        ],
        "synonyms": [
          "APT 28",
          "APT28",
          "Pawn Storm",
          "Fancy Bear",
          "Sednit",
          "TsarTeam",
          "TG-4127",
          "Group-4127",
          "Sofacy",
          "Grey-Cloud"
        ]
      },
      "related": [
        {
          "dest-uuid": "bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        },
        {
          "dest-uuid": "5b4ee3ea-eee3-4c8e-8323-85ae32658754",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        }
      ],
      "uuid": "213cdde9-c11a-4ea9-8ce0-c868e9826fec",
      "value": "STRONTIUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "DUBNIUM (which shares indicators with what Kaspersky researchers have called DarkHotel) is one of the activity groups that has been very active in recent years, and has many distinctive features.",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://securelist.com/blog/research/71713/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/",
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2",
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/06/20/reverse-engineering-dubniums-flash-targeting-exploit/",
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/"
        ],
        "synonyms": [
          "darkhotel"
        ]
      },
      "related": [
        {
          "dest-uuid": "b8c8b96d-61e6-47b1-8e38-fd8ad5d9854d",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        }
      ],
      "uuid": "b56af6ab-69f8-457a-bf50-c3aefa6dc14a",
      "value": "DUBNIUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "PLATINUM has been targeting its victims since at least as early as 2009, and may have been active for several years prior. Its activities are distinctly different not only from those typically seen in untargeted attacks, but from many targeted attacks as well. A large share of targeted attacks can be characterized as opportunistic: the activity group changes its target profiles and attack geographies based on geopolitical seasons, and may attack institutions all over the world. Like many such groups, PLATINUM seeks to steal sensitive intellectual property related to government interests, but its range of preferred targets is consistently limited to specific governmental organizations, defense institutes, intelligence agencies, diplomatic institutions, and telecommunication providers in South and Southeast Asia. The group’s persistent use of spear phishing tactics (phishing attempts aimed at specific individuals) and access to previously undiscovered zero-day exploits have made it a highly resilient threat.",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/04/26/digging-deep-for-platinum/",
          "http://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
        ]
      },
      "related": [
        {
          "dest-uuid": "f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        },
        {
          "dest-uuid": "1fc5671f-5757-43bf-8d6d-a9a93b03713a",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        }
      ],
      "uuid": "154e97b5-47ef-415a-99a6-2157f1b50339",
      "value": "PLATINUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence associates Winnti with multiple activity groups—collections of malware, supporting infrastructure, online personas, victimology, and other attack artifacts that the Microsoft intelligent security graph uses to categorize and attribute threat activity. Microsoft labels activity groups using code names derived from elements in the periodic table. In the case of this malware, the activity groups strongly associated with Winnti are BARIUM and LEAD. But even though they share the use of Winnti, the BARIUM and LEAD activity groups are involved in very different intrusion scenarios.  BARIUM begins its attacks by cultivating relationships with potential victims—particularly those working in Business Development or Human Resources—on various social media platforms. Once BARIUM has established rapport, they spear-phish the victim using a variety of unsophisticated malware installation vectors, including malicious shortcut (.lnk) files with hidden payloads, compiled HTML help (.chm) files, or Microsoft Office documents containing macros or exploits. Initial intrusion stages feature the Win32/Barlaiy implant—notable for its use of social network profiles, collaborative document editing sites, and blogs for C&C. Later stages of the intrusions rely upon Winnti for persistent access. The majority of victims recorded to date have been in electronic gaming, multimedia, and Internet content industries, although occasional intrusions against technology companies have occurred.",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "cc70bdbd-afa7-4e19-bba2-2443811ef3af",
      "value": "BARIUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "In contrast, LEAD has established a far greater reputation for industrial espionage. In the past few years, LEAD’s victims have included: Multinational, multi-industry companies involved in the manufacture of textiles, chemicals, and electronics Pharmaceutical companies A company in the chemical industry University faculty specializing in aeronautical engineering and research A company involved in the design and manufacture of motor vehicles A cybersecurity company focusing on protecting industrial control systems During these intrusions, LEAD’s objective was to steal sensitive data, including research materials, process documents, and project plans. LEAD also steals code-signing certificates to sign its malware in subsequent attacks.  In most cases, LEAD’s attacks do not feature any advanced exploit techniques. The group also does not make special effort to cultivate victims prior to an attack. Instead, the group often simply emails a Winnti installer to potential victims, relying on basic social engineering tactics to convince recipients to run the attached malware. In some other cases, LEAD gains access to a target by brute-forcing remote access login credentials, performing SQL injection, or exploiting unpatched web servers, and then they copy the Winnti installer directly to compromised machines.",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "f542442e-ba0f-425d-b386-6c10351a468e",
      "value": "LEAD"
    },
    {
      "description": "In addition to strengthening generic detection of EoP exploits, Microsoft security researchers are actively gathering threat intelligence and indicators attributable to ZIRCONIUM, the activity group using the CVE-2017-0005 exploit. ",
      "meta": {
        "refs": [
          "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/03/27/detecting-and-mitigating-elevation-of-privilege-exploit-for-cve-2017-0005/"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "2d19c573-252b-49d8-8c2e-3b529b91e72d",
      "value": "ZIRCONIUM"
    },
    {
      "description": "This threat actor uses social engineering and spear phishing to target military and defense organizations in India, for the purpose of espionage.",
      "meta": {
        "cfr-suspected-state-sponsor": "Pakistan",
        "cfr-suspected-victims": [
          "India"
        ],
        "cfr-target-category": [
          "Government",
          "Private sector"
        ],
        "cfr-type-of-incident": "Espionage",
        "refs": [
          "https://www.cfr.org/interactive/cyber-operations/mythic-leopard"
        ],
        "synonyms": [
          "C-Major",
          "Transparent Tribe"
        ]
      },
      "related": [
        {
          "dest-uuid": "acbb5cad-ffe7-4b0e-a57a-2dbc916e8905",
          "tags": [
            "estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"likely\""
          ],
          "type": "similar"
        }
      ],
      "uuid": "2a410eea-a9da-11e8-b404-37b7060746c8",
      "value": "https://www.cfr.org/interactive/cyber-operations/mythic-leopard"
    }
  ],
  "version": 6
}
