{
  "authors": [
    "Jean-Louis Huynen"
  ],
  "category": "dark-patterns",
  "description": "Dark Patterns are user interface that tricks users into making decisions that benefit the interface's holder to the expense of the user.",
  "name": "Dark Patterns",
  "source": "CIRCL",
  "type": "social-dark-patterns",
  "uuid": "61397bd8-0cc3-487e-b887-6212ca5b24d3",
  "values": [
    {
      "description": "Repeated requests to do something the firms prefer",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Nagging"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "1187c11d-7506-4d7d-95a2-a55d9dfe3618",
      "value": "Nagging"
    },
    {
      "description": "Misleading notice about other consumers' actions",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Social Proof"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "349f3f22-2f5c-4cba-903f-6c9db2c73d9b",
      "value": "Activity Messages"
    },
    {
      "description": "Misleading statements from customers",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Social Proof"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "ffe91c0a-1aa7-450d-9c2e-28a0292ea513",
      "value": "Testimonials"
    },
    {
      "description": "Asymmetry between signing up and canceling",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Obstruction"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "9175e2d8-80bc-4d72-bc28-d5502c47e2ed",
      "value": "Roach Motel"
    },
    {
      "description": "Frustrates comparison shopping",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Obstruction"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://www.darkpatterns.org/",
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "0303d7fa-eb2a-417d-ae79-2d5ff4f8b992",
      "value": "Price Comparison Prevention"
    },
    {
      "description": "Purchases in virtual currency to obscure cost",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Obstruction"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://www.darkpatterns.org/",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "9f0c9e89-75ab-4b6b-981e-ae8161c0d3e3",
      "value": "Intermediate Currency"
    },
    {
      "description": "Item consumer did not add is in cart",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Sneaking"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://www.darkpatterns.org/",
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "c4ae0bb6-cd07-46f5-b2c5-ec2df04e5484",
      "value": "Sneak into Basket"
    },
    {
      "description": "Costs obscured / disclosed late in transaction",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Sneaking"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://www.darkpatterns.org/",
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "b2e1e74b-a740-4f8c-b8f4-6822ee7d197d",
      "value": "Hidden Costs"
    },
    {
      "description": "Unanticipated / undesired automatic renewal",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Sneaking"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://www.darkpatterns.org/",
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fbd42a71-0adb-4fb4-a2f7-47c8113d5cab",
      "value": "Hidden subscription / forced continuity"
    },
    {
      "description": "Customer sold something other than what's originally advertised",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Sneaking"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "92d3a49e-6443-4dbf-a82a-fbc6e7cb1130",
      "value": "Bait & Switch"
    },
    {
      "description": "Important information visually obscured",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Interface Interference"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "339df582-ff4d-4d62-9815-58e06014ba8f",
      "value": "Hidden information / aesthetic manipulation / false hierarchy"
    },
    {
      "description": "Firm-friendly default is preselected",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Interface Interference"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://petsymposium.org/2016/files/papers/Tales_from_the_Dark_Side__Privacy_Dark_Strategies_and_Privacy_Dark_Patterns.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "c2e274a5-2629-42a5-8c72-fd841f26c819",
      "value": "Preselection"
    },
    {
      "description": "Emotionally manipulative framing",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Interface Interference"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "9ca69b66-3497-473e-a0fd-44ff05f20703",
      "value": "Toying with emotion"
    },
    {
      "description": "Intentional or obvious ambiguity",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Interface Interference"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "edf55230-f295-45d8-9be0-8ceb201154d6",
      "value": "Trick questions"
    },
    {
      "description": "Consumer induced to click on something that isn’t apparent ad",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Interface Interference"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174108",
          "https://www.darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "e19cbaaf-0f6d-4607-aff6-0608d361efdf",
      "value": "Disguised Ad"
    },
    {
      "description": "Choice framed in way that seems dishonest / stupid",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Interface Interference"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://www.darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "45259adf-e499-42f6-9813-c16a6606b467",
      "value": "Confirmshaming"
    },
    {
      "description": "Consumer tricked into thinking registration necessary",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Forced Action"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://petsymposium.org/2016/files/papers/Tales_from_the_Dark_Side__Privacy_Dark_Strategies_and_Privacy_Dark_Patterns.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "6cb4c01c-9edc-40fb-8744-ac866f64c695",
      "value": "Forced Registration"
    },
    {
      "description": "Consumer falsely informed of limited quantities",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Urgency"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "e8fe07aa-83c1-44c5-9042-fb3449a5ab94",
      "value": "Low stock / high-demand message"
    },
    {
      "description": "Opportunity ends soon with blatant false visual cue",
      "meta": {
        "category": [
          "Urgency"
        ],
        "refs": [
          "https://webtransparency.cs.princeton.edu/dark-patterns/assets/dark-patterns-v2.pdf",
          "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3431205"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "bab8c47f-2f1d-47ba-ae53-9c2c49c0f520",
      "value": "Countdown timer / Limited time message"
    }
  ],
  "version": 1
}
